A Nonequilibrium Rate Formula for Collective Motions of Complex Molecular Systems

We propose a compact reaction rate formula that accounts for a non‐equilibrium distribution of residence times of complex molecules, based on a detailed study of the coarse‐grained phase space of a reaction coordinate. We take the structural transition dynamics of a six‐atom Morse cluster between two isomers as a prototype of multi‐dimensional molecular reactions. Residence time distribution of one of the isomers shows an exponential decay, while that of the other isomer deviates largely from the exponential form and has multiple peaks. Our rate formula explains such equilibrium and non‐equilibrium distributions of residence times in terms of the rates of diffusions of energy and the phase of the oscillations of the reaction coordinate. Rapid diffusions of energy and the phase generally give rise to the exponential decay of residence time distribution, while slow diffusions give rise to a non‐exponential decay with multiple peaks. We finally make a conjecture about a general relationship between the rates of the diffusions and the symmetry of molecular mass distributions.