Thermodynamics of electron transfer in Escherichia coli cytochrome bo(3)

The proton translocation mechanism of the Escherichia coli cytochrome bo(3) complex is intimately tied to the electron transfers within the enzyme. Herein we evaluate two models of proton translocation in this enzyme, a cytochrome c oxidase-type ion-pump and a Q-cycle mechanism, on the basis of the thermodynamics of electron transfer. We conclude that from a thermodynamic standpoint, a Q-cycle is the more favorable mechanism for proton translocation and is likely occurring in the enzyme.