Catalytic Enantioselective Cyclization/Cross-Coupling with Alkyl Electrophiles

As part of our ongoing effort to expand the scope of cross-coupling reactions of alkyl electrophiles, we have pursued a strategy wherein the nucleophilic coupling partner includes a pendant olefin; after transmetalation by such a substrate, if β-migratory insertion proceeds faster than direct cross-coupling, an additional carbon–carbon bond and stereocenter can be formed. With the aid of a nickel/diamine catalyst (both components are commercially available), we have established the viability of this approach for the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans and indanes. Furthermore, we have applied this new method to the construction of the dihydrobenzofuran core of fasiglifam, as well as to a cross-coupling with a racemic alkyl electrophile; in the latter process, the chiral catalyst controls two stereocenters, one that is newly generated in a β-migratory insertion and one that begins as a mixture of enantiomers.