Published June 24, 2022 | Version Published
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Observation of the B⁺꜀ Meson in Pb-Pb and pp Collisions at √s̅N̅N̅ = 5.02 TeV and Measurement of its Nuclear Modification Factor

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Abstract

The B+c meson is observed for the first time in heavy ion collisions. Data from the CMS detector are used to study the production of the B+c meson in lead-lead (PbPb) and proton-proton (pp) collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of √s̅N̅N̅ = 5.02 TeV, via the B⁺꜀ → (J/ψ → μ⁺μ⁻)μ⁺ν_μ decay. The B+c nuclear modification factor, derived from the PbPb-to-pp ratio of production cross sections, is measured in two bins of the trimuon transverse momentum and of the PbPb collision centrality. The B⁺꜀ meson is shown to be less suppressed than quarkonia and most of the open heavy-flavor mesons, suggesting that effects of the hot and dense nuclear matter created in heavy ion collisions contribute to its production. This measurement sets forth a promising new probe of the interplay of suppression and enhancement mechanisms in the production of heavy-flavor mesons in the quark-gluon plasma.

Additional Information

© 2022 CERN, for the CMS Collaboration. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3. (Received 7 January 2022; revised 23 February 2022; accepted 9 May 2022; published 21 June 2022) We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid and other centers for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC, the CMS detector, and the supporting computing infrastructure provided by the following funding agencies: BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES and BNSF (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); MINCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RIF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC PUT and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRI (Greece); NKFIA (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, RosAtom, RAS, RFBR, and NRC KI (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); MCIN/AEI and PCTI (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contracts No. 675440, No. 724704, No. 752730, No. 758316, No. 765710, 824093, No. 884104, and COST Action No. CA16108 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F. R. S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science—EOS"—be.h Project No. 30820817; the Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, No. Z191100007219010; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), under Germany's Excellence Strategy—EXC 2121 "Quantum Universe"—390833306, and under Project No. 400140256—GRK2497; the Lendület ("Momentum") Program and the János Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program ÚNKP, the NKFIA research grants No. 123842, No. 123959, No. 124845, No. 124850, No. 125105, No. 128713, No. 128786, and No. 129058 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the Latvian Council of Science; the Ministry of Science and Higher Education and the National Science Center, contracts Opus 2014/15/B/ST2/03998 and 2015/19/B/ST2/02861 (Poland); the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Grant No. CEECIND/01334/2018 (Portugal); the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Projects No. 14.W03.31.0026 and No. FSWW-2020-0008, and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Project No. 19-42-703014 (Russia); MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, ERDF "a way of making Europe", and the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y Técnica de Excelencia María de Maeztu, grant No. MDM-2017-0765 and Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias (Spain); the Stavros Niarchos Foundation (Greece); the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); the Kavli Foundation; the Nvidia Corporation; the SuperMicro Corporation; the Welch Foundation, Contract NO. C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (USA). Institut für Hochenergiephysik (HEPHY) using the Cloud Infrastructure Platform (CLIP), Vienna.

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Identifiers

Eprint ID
116126
Resolver ID
CaltechAUTHORS:20220804-250078000

Funding

Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft und Forschung (BMBWF)
FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds
Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS)
Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS)
30820817
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)
Ministry of Education and Science (Bulgaria)
CERN
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Ministry of Science and Technology (China)
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación MINCIENCIAS)
Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (Serbia)
Croatian Science Foundation
Research and Innovation Foundation (Cyprus)
Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENESCYT)
Ministry of Education and Research (Estonia)
European Regional Development Fund
Academy of Finland
Ministry of Education and Culture (Finland)
Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA)
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
EXC 2121
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
390833306
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
400140256 – GRK2497
Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF)
General Secretariat for Research and Technology (GSRT)
National Research, Development and Innovation Office (Hungary)
123842
National Research, Development and Innovation Office (Hungary)
123959
National Research, Development and Innovation Office (Hungary)
124845
National Research, Development and Innovation Office (Hungary)
124850
National Research, Development and Innovation Office (Hungary)
125105
National Research, Development and Innovation Office (Hungary)
128713
National Research, Development and Innovation Office (Hungary)
128786
National Research, Development and Innovation Office (Hungary)
129058
Department of Atomic Energy (India)
Department of Science and Technology (India)
Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences
Science Foundation Ireland
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)
Latvian Council of Science
National Research Foundation of Korea
Izgl?t?bas un zin?tnes ministrija
Lithuanian Academy of Sciences
Ministry of Higher Education (Malaysia)
University of Malaya
Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP)
Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINESTAV)
Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT)
Secretaría de Educación Pública (SEP)
Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí
Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (New Zealand)
Atomic Energy Commission (Pakistan)
Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
14.W03.31.0026
National Science Centre (Poland)
Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428
National Science Centre (Poland)
Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543
OPUS Program
2014/15/B/ST2/03998
OPUS Program
2015/19/B/ST2/02861
National Science Centre (Poland)
Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406
National Science Centre (Poland)
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
RosAtom
Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Foundation for Basic Research
Ministarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnološkog Razvoja
Secretaría de Estado de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion (SEIDI)
Gobierno del Principado de Asturias
Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Poland)
ETH Zurich
Paul Scherrer Institut
Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)
Ministry of Science and Technology (Taipei)
Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics
National Science and Technology Development Agency (Thailand)
Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK)
Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu (TAEK)
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
Department of Energy (DOE)
NSF
European Research Council (ERC)
675440
European Research Council (ERC)
724704
European Research Council (ERC)
752730
European Research Council (ERC)
765710
Leventis Foundation
Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO)
Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium)
Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium)
Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission
Z191100007219010
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (India)
Foundation for Polish Science
Qatar National Research Fund
European Social Fund
Chulalongkorn University
Kavli Foundation
Nvidia
Robert A. Welch Foundation
C-1845
Weston Havens Foundation
Université Catholique de Louvain
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics (Estonia)
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
RWTH Aachen University
Wigner Physics Research Center
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
Università di Pisa
Sapienza Università di Roma
Kyungpook National University
Quaid-i-Azam University
Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI)
Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas
Middle East Technical University
Brunel University London
Imperial College London
Queen Mary University of London
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
University of Bristol
University of Oxford
Baylor University
Caltech
Fermilab
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center
Purdue University
San Diego Supercomputer Center
University of California
University of Colorado Boulder
University of Florida
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Vanderbilt University
Helsinki Institute of Physics
MOS
Programa Consolider-Ingenio 2010
ETH Board
UniZH
Canton Zurich
SER
Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology of Thailand
Special Task Force for Activating Research
Marie Curie Fellowship
Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y Técnica de Excelencia María de Maeztu
MDM-2015-0509
Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias
Bulgarian National Science Fund
SCOAP3
Hungarian Academy of Sciences
Ministry of Science (Montenegro)

Dates

Created
2022-08-11
Created from EPrint's datestamp field
Updated
2023-03-16
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