4D electron microscopy: A century of developments

Over the past decade, the development of table-top 4D electron microscopy-with all-variant techniques-has provided numerous applications in the fields of chem., materials science and dynamical biol. In this lecture, we will overview these developments, some of the different applications, including those of single-particle visualization, and explore the potential for future extensions. Of special pertinence is the creative and elegant work of Mostafa's contribution to nanoscience, and the scientific and personal bonding I have had with him for more than three decades, from the days when I was a graduate student in the lab. of the late Professor Robin Hochstrasser until now with both of us working to improve science education in our mother country, Egypt.