Validation of a Third Earth-sized Planet in the TOI-2267 Binary System

Abstract

Copyright and License

© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

Acknowledgement

We thank the Palomar Observatory telescope operators, support astronomers, hospitality, and administrative staff, without whom this research would not have been possible. We are especially grateful to Paul Nied, Carolyn Heffner, Kathleen Koviak, Diana Roderick, and Rigel Rafto who supported our observations of TOI-2267, and to Monastery keeper Jeff. Part of this program was supported by JPL Hale telescope time allocations. We are thankful to the PARVI team and Palomar Observatory directorate, especially David Ciardi, Chas Beichman, Aurora Kesseli, and Andy Boden for their gracious support of the Palomar TTV survey program during periods requiring quick readjustment of the 200 inch observing schedule.

This research was supported from the Wilf Family Discovery Fund in Space and Planetary Science established by the Wilf Family Foundation. F.J.P. acknowledges financial support from the Severo Ochoa grant CEX2021-001131-S MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación through the project PID2022-137241NB-C43. T.D. acknowledges support from the McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis. This research has made use of the NASA Exoplanet Archive (NASA Exoplanet Archive 2024) and the Exoplanet Follow-up Observation Program website, which are operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program. The research made use of the Swarthmore transit finder online tool (E. Jensen 2013). This paper includes data collected by the TESS mission that are publicly available from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). We acknowledge the use of public TESS data from pipelines at the TESS Science Office and at the TESS Science Processing Operations Center. Funding for the TESS mission is provided by NASA’s Science Mission Directorate.

Facilities

ADS - , Exoplanet Archive - , ExoFOP - , TESS - , Hale - Palomar Observatory's 5.1m Hale Telescope (Palomar 200 inch/WIRC).

Software References

exoplanet (D. Foreman-Mackey et al. 2021a; D. Foreman-Mackey et al. 2021b) and its dependencies (J. Salvatier et al. 2016; Theano Development Team 2016; D. Foreman-Mackey et al. 2017; D. Foreman-Mackey 2018; Astropy Collaboration et al. 2018; R. Kumar et al. 2019; Astropy Collaboration et al. 2013; R. Luger et al. 2019; E. Agol et al. 2020) astropy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2018), scipy (P. Virtanen et al. 2020), numpy (C. R. Harris et al. 2020), matplotlib (J. D. Hunter 2007), rebound (D. Tamayo et al. 2020a), reboundx (T. Lu et al. 2023), BATMAN (L. Kreidberg 2015), emcee (D. Foreman-Mackey et al. 2013), corner (D. Foreman-Mackey 2016), lightkurve (Lightkurve Collaboration et al. 2018), and Claude 3.5 Sonnet.