CaltechAUTHORS
Published July 20, 2013 | Version Submitted + Published
Journal Article Open

The First Hi-GAL Observations of the Outer Galaxy: A Look at Star Formation in the Third Galactic Quadrant in the Longitude Range 216.º5 ≾ ℓ ≾ 225.º5

Creators

  • 1. ROR icon Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology
  • 2. ROR icon Nagoya University
  • 3. ROR icon Infrared Processing and Analysis Center
  • 4. ROR icon Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory
  • 5. ROR icon University of Puerto Rico System
  • 6. ROR icon University of Paris
  • 7. ROR icon Sapienza University of Rome
  • 8. ROR icon National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
  • 9. ROR icon University of Salento

Abstract

We present the first Herschel PACS and SPIRE photometric observations in a portion of the outer Galaxy (216.º5≾ℓ≾ 225.º5 and –2°≾b≾0°) as a part of the Hi-GAL survey. The maps between 70 and 500 μm, the derived column density and temperature maps, and the compact source catalog are presented. NANTEN CO(1-0) line observations are used to derive cloud kinematics and distances so that we can estimate distance-dependent physical parameters of the compact sources (cores and clumps) having a reliable spectral energy distribution that we separate into 255 proto-stellar and 688 starless sources. Both typologies are found in association with all the distance components observed in the field, up to ~5.8 kpc, testifying to the presence of star formation beyond the Perseus arm at these longitudes. Selecting the starless gravitationally bound sources, we identify 590 pre-stellar candidates. Several sources of both proto- and pre-stellar nature are found to exceed the minimum requirement for being compatible with massive star formation based on the mass-radius relation. For the pre-stellar sources belonging to the Local arm (d ≾ 1.5 kpc) we study the mass function whose high-mass end shows a power law N(log M)∝M^(–1.0 ± 0.2). Finally, we use a luminosity versus mass diagram to infer the evolutionary status of the sources, finding that most of the proto-stellar sources are in the early accretion phase (with some cases compatible with a Class I stage), while for pre-stellar sources, in general, accretion has not yet started.

Additional Information

© 2013 American Astronomical Society. Received 2013 January 22; accepted 2013 April 25; published 2013 July 5. PACS has been developed by a consortium of institutes led by MPE (Germany) and including UVIE (Austria); KU Leuven, CSL, IMEC (Belgium); CEA, LAM (France); MPIA (Germany); INAF-IFSI/OAA/OAP/OAT, LENS, SISSA (Italy); and IAC (Spain). This development has been supported by the funding agencies BMVIT (Austria), ESAPRODEX (Belgium), CEA/CNES (France), DLR (Germany), ASI/INAF (Italy), and CICYT/MCYT (Spain). SPIRE has been developed by a consortium of institutes led by Cardiff Univ. (UK) and including Univ. Lethbridge (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA, LAM (France); INAF-IFSI, Univ. Padua (Italy); IAC (Spain); Stockholm Observatory (Sweden); Imperial College London, RAL, UCL-MSSL, UKATC, Univ. Sussex (UK); and Caltech, JPL, NHSC, Univ. Colorado (USA). This development has been supported by the national funding agencies CSA (Canada); NAOC (China); CEA, CNES, CNRS (France); ASI (Italy); MCINN (Spain); SNSB (Sweden); STFC, UKSA (UK); and NASA (USA). D.E., M.P., and K.J.L.R. are funded by an ASI fellowship under contract numbers I/005/11/0 and I/038/08/0. D.P. is funded through the Operational Program "Education and Lifelong Learning" and is co-financed by the European Union (European Social Fund) and Greek national funds. Facilities: Herschel.

Attached Files

Published - 0004-637X_772_1_45.pdf

Submitted - 1304.7358v1.pdf

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Additional details

Identifiers

Eprint ID
41210
Resolver ID
CaltechAUTHORS:20130910-114342738

Related works

Describes
http://arxiv.org/abs/1304.7358 (URL)

Funding

BMVIT (Austria)
ESA-PRODEX (Belgium)
Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA)
DLR (Germany)
Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI)
I/005/11/0
CICYT/MCYT (Spain)
Canadian Space Agency (CSA)
National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NAOC)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)
Centre National d'Études Spatiales (CNES)
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCINN)
Swedish National Space Board (SNSB)
Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
United Kingdom Space Agency (UKSA)
NASA
Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI)
I/038/080/0
Operational Program "Education and Lifelong Learning"
European Social Fund
Greek national funds

Dates

Created
2013-09-10
Created from EPrint's datestamp field
Updated
2021-11-10
Created from EPrint's last_modified field