Delving into the depths of NGC 3783 with XRISM. II. Cross-calibration of X-ray instruments used in the large, multi-mission observational campaign

XRISM Collaboration; Audard, Marc; Awaki, Hisamitsu; Ballhausen, Ralf; Bamba, Aya; Behar, Ehud; Boissay-Malaquin, Rozenn; Brenneman, Laura; Brown, Gregory V.; Corrales, Lia; Costantini, Elisa; Cumbee, Renata; Díaz Trigo, María; Done, Chris; Dotani, Tadayasu; Ebisawa, Ken; Eckart, Megan E.; Eckert, Dominique; Eguchi, Satoshi; Enoto, Teruaki; Ezoe, Yuichiro; Foster, Adam; Fujimoto, Ryuichi; Fujita, Yutaka; Fukazawa, Yasushi; Fukushima, Kotaro; Furuzawa, Akihiro; Gallo, Luigi; Garcia, Javier A.; Gu, Liyi; Guainazzi, Matteo; Hagino, Kouichi; Hamaguchi, Kenji; Hatsukade, Isamu; Hayashi, Katsuhiro; Hayashi, Takayuki; Hell, Natalie; Hodges-Kluck, Edmund; Hornschemeier, Ann; Ichinohe, Yuto; Ishi, Daiki; Ishida, Manabu; Ishikawa, Kumi; Ishisaki, Yoshitaka; Kaastra, Jelle; Kallman, Timothy; Kanemaru, Yoshiaki; Kara, Erin; Katsuda, Satoru; Kelley, Richard; Kilbourne, Caroline; Kitamoto, Shunji; Kobayashi, Shogo; Kohmura, Takayoshi; Kubota, Aya; Leutenegger, Maurice; Loewenstein, Michael; Maeda, Yoshitomo; Markevitch, Maxim; Matsumoto, Hironori; Matsushita, Kyoko; McCammon, Dan; McNamara, Brian; Mernier, François; Miller, Eric D.; Miller, Jon M.; Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki; Mizumoto, Misaki; Mizuno, Tsunefumi; Mori, Koji; Mukai, Koji; Murakami, Hiroshi; Mushotzky, Richard; Nakajima, Hiroshi; Nakazawa, Kazuhiro; Ness, Jan-Uwe; Nobukawa, Kumiko; Nobukawa, Masayoshi; Noda, Hirofumi; Odaka, Hirokazu; Ogawa, Shoji; Ogorzalek, Anna; Okajima, Takashi; Ota, Naomi; Paltani, Stephane; Petre, Robert; Plucinsky, Paul; Porter, Frederick S.; Pottschmidt, Katja; Sato, Kosuke; Sato, Toshiki; Sawada, Makoto; Seta, Hiromi; Shidatsu, Megumi; Simionescu, Aurora; Smith, Randall; Suzuki, Hiromasa; Szymkowiak, Andrew; Takahashi, Hiromitsu; Takeo, Mai; Tamagawa, Toru; Tamura, Keisuke; Tanaka, Takaaki; Tanimoto, Atsushi; Tashiro, Makoto; Terada, Yukikatsu; Terashima, Yuichi; Tsuboi, Yohko; Tsujimoto, Masahiro; Tsunemi, Hiroshi; Tsuru, Takeshi; Tümer, Ayşegül; Uchida, Hiroyuki; Uchida, Nagomi; Uchida, Yuusuke; Uchiyama, Hideki; Ueda, Yoshihiro; Uno, Shinichiro; Vink, Jacco; Watanabe, Shin; Williams, Brian J.; Yamada, Satoshi; Yamada, Shinya; Yamaguchi, Hiroya; Yamaoka, Kazutaka; Yamasaki, Noriko; Yamauchi, Makoto; Yamauchi, Shigeo; Yaqoob, Tahir; Yoneyama, Tomokage; Yoshida, Tessei; Yukita, Mihoko; Zhuravleva, Irina; Diez, Camille; Fukumura, Keigo; Li, Chen; Mehdipour, Missagh; Panagiotou, Christos; Signorini, Matilde; Zhao, Keqin

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202556000

Published October 2025 | Version Published

Journal Article Open

Delving into the depths of NGC 3783 with XRISM. II. Cross-calibration of X-ray instruments used in the large, multi-mission observational campaign

1. University of Geneva
2. Ehime University
3. University of Maryland, College Park
4. Goddard Space Flight Center
5. Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, NASA/GSFC (CRESST II), Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA
6. University of Tokyo
7. Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
8. University of Maryland, Baltimore
9. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
10. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
11. University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
12. Netherlands Institute for Space Research
13. European Southern Observatory
14. Durham University
15. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science
16. Kumamoto Gakuen University
17. Kyoto University
18. Tokyo Metropolitan University
19. Hiroshima University
20. Fujita Health University
21. Saint Mary's University
22. California Institute of Technology
23. European Space Research and Technology Centre
24. University of Miyazaki
25. RIKEN Nishina Center, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
26. Leiden University
27. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
28. Saitama University
29. Rikkyo University
30. Tokyo University of Science
31. Shibaura Institute of Technology
32. Osaka University
33. University of Wisconsin–Madison
34. University of Waterloo
35. Nagoya University
36. University of Teacher Education Fukuoka
37. Tohoku Gakuin University
38. Kanto Gakuin University
39. European Space Astronomy Centre
40. Kindai University
41. Nara University of Education
42. Tohoku University
43. Nara Women's University
44. Kyoto Sangyo University
45. Meiji University
46. Yale University
47. Konan University
48. Kagoshima University
49. Chuo University
50. Shizuoka University
51. Nihon Fukushi University
52. University of Amsterdam
53. RIKEN
54. Johns Hopkins University
55. University of Chicago
56. James Madison University
57. Space Telescope Science Institute

Context. Accurate X-ray spectroscopic measurements are fundamental for deriving basic physical parameters of the most abundant baryon components in the Universe. The plethora of X-ray observatories currently operational enables a panchromatic view of the high-energy emission of celestial sources. However, uncertainties in the energy-dependent calibration of the instrument transfer functions (e.g. the effective area, energy redistribution, or gain) can limit - and historically, did limit - the accuracy of X-ray spectroscopic measurements. Aims. We revised the status of the cross-calibration among the scientific payload on board four operation missions: Chandra, NuSTAR, XMM-Newton, and the recently launched XRISM. XRISM carries the micro-calorimeter Resolve, which yields the best energy resolution at energies ≥2 keV. For this purpose, we used the data from a 10-day-long observational campaign targeting the nearby active galactic nucleus NGC 3783, carried out in July 2024. Methods. We present a novel model-independent method for assessing the cross-calibration status that is based on a multi-node spline of the spectra with the highest-resolving power (XRISM/Resolve in our campaign). We also estimated the impact of the intrinsic variability of NGC 3783 on the cross-calibration status due to the different time coverages of participating observatories and performed an empirical reassessment of the Resolve throughput at low energies. Results. Based on this analysis, we derived a set of energy-dependent correction factors of the observed responses, enabling a statistically robust analysis of the whole spectral dataset. They will be employed in subsequent papers describing the astrophysical results of the campaign.

Copyright and License

© The Authors 2025. Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Acknowledgement

We are grateful to the mission planners of all missions involved for their efforts in scheduling and re-scheduling all our coordinated observations as well as possible, which is not a trivial task. We thank Lucien Kuiper (SRON) for providing us with the velocity corrections to the Solar System Barycentre. SRON is supported financially by NWO, the Netherlands organization for scientific research. Part of this work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The material is based upon work supported by NASA under award number 80GSFC21M0002. This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant numbers JP22H00158, JP22H01268, JP22K03624, JP23H04899, JP21K13963, JP24K00638, JP24K17105, JP21K13958, JP21H01095, JP23K20850, JP24H00253, JP21K03615, JP24K00677, JP20K14491, JP23H00151, JP19K21884, JP20H01947, JP20KK0071, JP23K20239, JP24K00672, JP24K17104, JP24K17093, JP20K04009, JP21H04493, JP20H01946, JP23K13154, JP19K14762, JP20H05857, and JP23K03459. This work was supported by NASA grant numbers 80NSSC20K0733, 80NSSC18K0978, 80NSSC20K0883, 80NSSC20K0737, 80NSSC24K0678, 80NSSC18K1684, and 80NNSC22K1922. LC acknowledges support from NSF award 2205918. CD acknowledges support from STFC through grant ST/T000244/1. L. Gallo acknowledges financial support from Canadian Space Agency grant 18XARMSTMA. MS acknowledges the support by the RIKEN Pioneering Project Evolution of Matter in the Universe (r-EMU) and Rikkyo University Special Fund for Research (Rikkyo SFR). AT and the present research are in part supported by the Kagoshima University postdoctoral research program (KU-DREAM). SY acknowledges support by the RIKEN SPDR Program. IZ acknowledges partial support from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation through the Sloan Research Fellowship. This work was supported by the JSPS Core-to-Core Program, JPJSCCA20220002. The material is based on work supported by the Strategic Research Center of Saitama University. M. Mehdipour acknowledges support from NASA through the XRISM Guest Scientist (XGS) grant 80NSSC23K0995, a grant for HST program number 17273 from the Space Telescope Science Institute (operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555), and NuSTAR grant 80NSSC25K7126. We deeply regret that our co-author Katja Pottschmidt passed away on 17 June 2025, the same day that this paper was submitted.

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Is new version of: Discussion Paper: arXiv:2509.08649 (arXiv)

United States Department of Energy
DE-AC52-07NA27344
NASA
80GSFC21M0002
JSPS
JP22H00158
JSPS
JP22H01268
JSPS
JP22K03624
JSPS
JP23H04899
JSPS
JP21K13963
JSPS
JP24K00638
JSPS
JP24K17105
JSPS
JP21K13958
JSPS
JP21H01095
JSPS
JP23K20850
JSPS
P24H00253
JSPS
JP21K03615
JSPS
JP24K00677
JSPS
JP20K14491
JSPS
JP23H00151
JSPS
JP19K21884
JSPS
JP20H01947
JSPS
JP20KK0071
JSPS
JP23K20239
JSPS
JP24K00672
JSPS
JP24K17104
JSPS
JP24K17093
JSPS
JP20K04009
JSPS
JP21H04493
JSPS
JP20H01946
JSPS
JP23K13154
JSPS
JP19K14762
JSPS
JP20H05857
JSPS
JP23K03459
NASA
80NSSC20K0733
NASA
80NSSC18K0978
NASA
80NSSC20K0883
NASA
80NSSC20K0737
NASA
80NSSC24K0678
NASA
80NSSC18K1684
NASA
80NNSC22K1922
NSF
2205918
STFC
ST/T000244/1
Canadian Space Agency
18XARMSTMA
RIKEN
Rikkyo University
Kagoshima University
Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
JSPS core
JPJSCCA20220002
NASA
80NSSC23K0995
NASA
NAS5-26555/17273
NASA
80NSSC25K7126

Submitted: 2025-06-17
Accepted: 2025-07-16
Available: 2025-10-15

Published online

Caltech groups: Space Radiation Laboratory , Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy (PMA)
Publication Status: Published

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Delving into the depths of NGC 3783 with XRISM. II. Cross-calibration of X-ray instruments used in the large, multi-mission observational campaign

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