The ALMA survey to Resolve exoKuiper belt Substructures (ARKS). X. Interpreting the peculiar dust rings around HD 131835

Abstract

Copyright and License

© The Authors 2026. Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Acknowledgement

We thank the referee for their thoughtful comments. MRJ acknowledges support from the European Union’s Horizon Europe Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 101064124 and funding provided by the Institute of Physics Belgrade, through the grant by the Ministry of Science, Technological Development, and Innovations of the Republic of Serbia. AB acknowledges research support by the Irish Research Council under grant GOIPG/2022/1895. JM acknowledges funding from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche through the DDISK project (grant No. ANR-21-CE31-0015) and from the PNP (French National Planetology Program) through the EPOPEE project. MB acknowledges funding from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche through the DDISK project (grant No. ANR-21-CE31-0015). A.A.S. is supported by the Heising-Simons Foundation through a 51 Pegasi b Fellowship. TDP is supported by a UKRI Stephen Hawking Fellowship and a Warwick Prize Fellowship, the latter made possible by a generous philanthropic donation. SMM acknowledges funding by the European Union through the E-BEANS ERC project (grant number 100117693), and by the Irish research Council (IRC) under grant number IRCLA-2022-3788. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council Executive Agency. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. SM acknowledges funding by the Royal Society through a Royal Society University Research Fellowship (URF-R1-221669) and the European Union through the FEED ERC project (grant number 101162711). LM acknowledges funding by the European Union through the E-BEANS ERC project (grant number 100117693), and by the Irish research Council (IRC) under grant number IRCLA-2022-3788. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council Executive Agency. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. EC acknowledges support from NASA STScI grant HST-AR-16608.001A and the Simons Foundation. EM acknowledges support from the NASA CT Space Grant. PW acknowledges support from FONDECYT grant 3220399 and ANID – Millennium Science Initiative Program – Center Code NCN2024_001. AMH acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation under Grant No. AST-2307920. Support for BZ was provided by The Brinson Foundation. CdB acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) under reference PID2023-153342NB-I00/10.13039/501100011033, from the Beatriz Galindo Senior Fellowship BG22/00166 funded by the MICIU, and the support from the Universidad de La Laguna (ULL) and the Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento y Empleo of the Gobierno de Canarias. This work was also supported by the NKFIH NKKP grant ADVANCED 149943 and the NKFIH excellence grant TKP2021-NKTA-64. Project no. 149943 has been implemented with the support provided by the Ministry of Culture and Innovation of Hungary from the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund, financed under the NKKP ADVANCED funding scheme. SP acknowledges support from FONDECYT Regular 1231663 and ANID – Millennium Science Initiative Program – Center Code NCN2024_001. This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO.ALMA# 2022.1.00338.L, 2012.1.00142.S, 2012.1.00198.S, 2015.1.01260.S, 2016.1.00104.S, 2016.1.00195.S, 2016.1.00907.S, 2017.1.00167.S, 2017.1.00825.S, 2018.1.01222.S and 2019.1.00189.S. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada), MOST and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO and NAOJ. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. The project leading to this publication has received support from ORP, that is funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 101004719 [ORP]. We are grateful for the help of the UK node of the European ARC in answering our questions and producing calibrated measurement sets. This research used the Canadian Advanced Network For Astronomy Research (CANFAR) operated in partnership by the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre and The Digital Research Alliance of Canada with support from the National Research Council of Canada the Canadian Space Agency, CANARIE and the Canadian Foundation for Innovation.

Data Availability

The ARKS data used in this paper can be found in the ARKS dataverse. For more information, visit arkslp.org.