Published April 10, 2020
| Version Accepted Version + Published
Journal Article
Open
Constraints on the Emission of Gamma-Rays from M31 with HAWC
Creators
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Albert, A.1
- Alfaro, R.2
- Alvarez, C.3
- Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C.4
- Arunbabu, K. P.2
- Avila Rojas, D.2
- Ayala Solares, H. A.5
- Belmont-Moreno, E.2
- BenZvi, S. Y.6
- Brisbois, C.7
- Caballero-Mora, K. S.3
- Capistrán, T.8
- Carramiñana, A.8
- Casanova, S.9
- Cotti, U.4
- Cotzomi, J.10
- Coutiño de León, S.8
- De la Fuente, E.11
- de León, C.4
- Dichiara, S.2
- Dingus, B. L.1
- DuVernois, M. A.12
- Engel, K.13
- Espinoza, C.2
- Fleischhack, H.7
- Fraija, N.2
- Galván-Gámez, A.2
- García-Aguilar, D.2
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García-González, J. A.2
- Garfias, F.2
- González, M. M.2
- Goodman, J. A.13
- Harding, J. P.1
- Hernandez, S.2
- Hona, B.7
- Huang, D.7
- Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F.3
- Hüntemeyer, P.7
- Iriarte, A.2
- Jardin-Blicq, A.14
- Joshi, V.14
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Kieda, D.15
- Lee, W. H.2
- León Vargas, H.2
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Longinotti, A. L.8
- Luis-Raya, G.16
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Malone, K.1
- Marinelli, S. S.17
- Martinez, O.10
- Martinez-Castellanos, I.13
- Martínez-Castro, J.18
- Matthews, J. A.19
- Miranda-Romagnoli, P.20
- Morales-Soto, J. A.4
- Moreno, E.10
- Mostafá, M.5
- Nayerhoda, A.9
- Nellen, L.2
- Newbold, M.15
- Noriega-Papaqui, R.20
- Peisker, A.17
- Pérez-Pérez, E. G.16
- Ren, Z.19
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Rho, C. D.6, 21
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Rosa-González, D.8
- Rosenberg, M.5
- Rubenzahl, R.22
- Salazar, H.10
- Salesa Greus, F.9
- Sandoval, A.2
- Schneider, M.13
- Sinnis, G.1
- Smith, A. J.13
- Springer, R. W.15
- Surajbali, P.14
- Tabachnick, E.13
- Tibolla, O.16
- Tollefson, K.17
- Torres, I.8
- Villaseñor, L.10
- Wood, J.12
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Yapici, T.6
- Zepeda, A.23
- Zhou, H.1
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1.
Los Alamos National Laboratory
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2.
National Autonomous University of Mexico
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3.
Autonomous University of Chiapas
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4.
Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo
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5.
Pennsylvania State University
-
6.
University of Rochester
-
7.
Michigan Technological University
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8.
National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics
-
9.
Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences
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10.
Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
-
11.
University of Guadalajara
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12.
University of Wisconsin–Madison
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13.
University of Maryland, College Park
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14.
Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
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15.
University of Utah
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16.
Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca
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17.
Michigan State University
-
18.
Instituto Politécnico Nacional
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19.
University of New Mexico
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20.
Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo
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21.
University of Seoul
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22.
California Institute of Technology
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23.
Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional
Abstract
Cosmic rays, along with stellar radiation and magnetic fields, are known to make up a significant fraction of the energy density of galaxies such as the Milky Way. When cosmic rays interact in the interstellar medium, they produce gamma-ray emission which provides an important indication of how the cosmic rays propagate. Gamma-rays from the Andromeda galaxy (M31), located 785 kpc away, provide a unique opportunity to study cosmic-ray acceleration and diffusion in a galaxy with a structure and evolution very similar to the Milky Way. Using 33 months of data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory, we search for teraelectronvolt gamma-rays from the galactic plane of M31. We also investigate past and present evidence of galactic activity in M31 by searching for Fermi bubble-like structures above and below the galactic nucleus. No significant gamma-ray emission is observed, so we use the null result to compute upper limits on the energy density of cosmic rays >10 TeV in M31.
Additional Information
© 2020 The American Astronomical Society. Received 2020 January 6; revised 2020 February 22; accepted 2020 February 23; published 2020 April 8. We acknowledge support from: the US National Science Foundation (NSF); the US Department of Energy Office of High-Energy Physics; the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program of Los Alamos National Laboratory; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT), México, grants 271051, 232656, 260378, 179588, 254964, 258865, 243290, 132197, A1-S-46288, A1-S-22784, cátedras 873, 1563, 341, 323, Red HAWC, México; DGAPA-UNAM grants AG100317, IN111315, IN111716-3, IN111419, IA102019, IN112218; VIEP-BUAP; PIFI 2012, 2013, PROFOCIE 2014, 2015; the University of Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation; the Institute of Geophysics, Planetary Physics, and Signatures at Los Alamos National Laboratory; Polish Science Centre grant DEC-2018/31/B/ST9/01069, DEC-2017/27/B/ST9/02272; Coordinación de la Investigación Científica de la Universidad Michoacana; Royal Society—Newton Advanced Fellowship 180385. Thanks to Scott Delay, Luciano Díaz and Eduardo Murrieta for technical support. Software: threeML/hawc-hal (https://github.com/threeML), AERIE-LiFF (https://github.com/rjlauer/aerie-liff, HAWC Collaboration).Attached Files
Published - Albert_2020_ApJ_893_16.pdf
Accepted Version - 2001.04065.pdf
Files
2001.04065.pdf
Additional details
Identifiers
- Eprint ID
- 102970
- Resolver ID
- CaltechAUTHORS:20200504-081620984
Related works
- Describes
- https://arxiv.org/abs/2001.04065 (URL)
Funding
- NSF
- Department of Energy (DOE)
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT)
- 271051
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT)
- 232656
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT)
- 260378
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT)
- 179588
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT)
- 254964
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT)
- 258865
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT)
- 243290
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT)
- 132197
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT)
- A1-S-46288
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT)
- A1-S-22784
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT)
- cátedras 873
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT)
- cátedras 1563
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT)
- cátedras 341
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT)
- cátedras 323
- Dirección General Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (DGAPA-UNAM)
- AG100317
- Dirección General Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (DGAPA-UNAM)
- IN111315
- Dirección General Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (DGAPA-UNAM)
- IN111716-3
- Dirección General Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (DGAPA-UNAM)
- IN111419
- Dirección General Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (DGAPA-UNAM)
- IA102019
- Dirección General Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (DGAPA-UNAM)
- IN112218
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP)
- Dirección General Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (DGAPA-UNAM)
- PIFI 2012, 2013
- Dirección General Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (DGAPA-UNAM)
- PROFOCIE 2014, 2015
- University of Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics
- National Science Centre (Poland)
- DEC-2018/31/B/ST9/01069
- National Science Centre (Poland)
- DEC-2017/27/B/ST9/02272
- Coordinación de la Investigación Científica de la Universidad Michoacana
- Royal Society
- 180385
Dates
- Created
-
2020-05-04Created from EPrint's datestamp field
- Updated
-
2021-11-16Created from EPrint's last_modified field