Published October 2020 | Version Accepted Version + Published
Journal Article Open

Discovery of a hot, transiting, Earth-sized planet and a second temperate, non-transiting planet around the M4 dwarf GJ 3473 (TOI-488)

Creators

  • 1. ROR icon Heidelberg University
  • 2. ROR icon Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
  • 3. ROR icon European Space Astronomy Centre
  • 4. ROR icon Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía
  • 5. ROR icon Catholic University of the Most Holy Conception
  • 6. ROR icon Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble
  • 7. ROR icon NASA Exoplanet Science Institute
  • 8. ROR icon Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
  • 9. ROR icon Space Telescope Science Institute
  • 10. ROR icon University of Tokyo
  • 11. ROR icon University of La Laguna
  • 12. ROR icon Ames Research Center
  • 13. ROR icon Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • 14. ROR icon Japan Science and Technology Agency
  • 15. ROR icon Astrobiology Center
  • 16. ROR icon Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
  • 17. ROR icon University of Göttingen
  • 18. ROR icon Institute of Space Sciences
  • 19. ROR icon Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya
  • 20. ROR icon Goddard Space Flight Center
  • 21. ROR icon Princeton University
  • 22. ROR icon University of Geneva
  • 23. ROR icon George Mason University
  • 24. ROR icon European Space Research and Technology Centre
  • 25. ROR icon United States Air Force Academy
  • 26. ROR icon European Southern Observatory
  • 27. ROR icon University of Porto
  • 28. ROR icon Calar Alto Observatory
  • 29. ROR icon Tsinghua University
  • 30. ROR icon University of California, Santa Cruz
  • 31. ROR icon University of Hawaii at Hilo
  • 32. ROR icon Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg
  • 33. ROR icon National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
  • 34. ROR icon Kyoto University
  • 35. ROR icon German Aerospace Center
  • 36. ROR icon The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI
  • 37. ROR icon Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
  • 38. ROR icon United States Naval Observatory
  • 39. ROR icon Boston University
  • 40. ROR icon Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence

Abstract

We present the confirmation and characterisation of GJ 3473 b (G 50–16, TOI-488.01), a hot Earth-sized planet orbiting an M4 dwarf star, whose transiting signal (P = 1.1980035 ± 0.0000018 d) was first detected by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). Through a joint modelling of follow-up radial velocity observations with CARMENES, IRD, and HARPS together with extensive ground-based photometric follow-up observations with LCOGT, MuSCAT, and MuSCAT2, we determined a precise planetary mass, M_b = 1.86 ± 0.30 M_⊕, and radius, R_b = 1.264 ± 0.050 R⊕. Additionally, we report the discovery of a second, temperate, non-transiting planet in the system, GJ 3473 c, which has a minimum mass, Mc sin i = 7.41 ± 0.91 M_⊕, and orbital period, P_c = 15.509 ± 0.033 d. The inner planet of the system, GJ 3473 b, is one of the hottest transiting Earth-sized planets known thus far, accompanied by a dynamical mass measurement, which makes it a particularly attractive target for thermal emission spectroscopy.

Additional Information

© ESO 2020. Article published by EDP Sciences. Received 18 July 2020; Accepted 10 September 2020; Published online 23 October 2020. CARMENES is an instrument at the Centro Astronómico Hispano-Alemán de Calar Alto (CAHA, Almería, Spain). CARMENES was funded by the German Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG), the Spanish Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), the European Union through FEDER/ERF FICTS-2011-02 funds, and the members of the CARMENES Consortium (Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, Landessternwarte Königstuhl, Institut de Ciències de l'Espai, Insitut für Astrophysik Göttingen, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Hamburger Sternwarte, Centro de Astrobiología and Centro Astronómico Hispano-Alemán), with additional contributions by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, the German Science Foundation through the Major Research Instrumentation Programme and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Research Unit FOR2544 "Blue Planets around Red Stars", the Klaus Tschira Stiftung, the states of Baden-Württemberg and Niedersachsen, and by the Junta de Andalucía. Part of this work was funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación via projects PID2019-109522GB-C51/2/3/4 and AYA2016-79425-C3-1/2/3-P, (MEXT/)JSPS KAKENHI via grants 15H02063, JP17H04574, 18H05442, JP18H01265, JP18H05439, 19J11805, JP19K14783, and 22000005, JST PRESTO via grant JPMJPR1775, FCT/MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC, PTDC/FIS-AST/32113/2017) via grant UID/FIS/04434/2019, FEDER – Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional through COMPETE2020 – Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032113), the FONDECYT project 3180063, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia through national funds and by FEDER through COMPETE2020 – Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização by these grants: UID/FIS/04434/2019; UIDB/04434/2020; UIDP/04434/2020; PTDC/FIS-AST/32113/2017 & POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032113; PTDC/FIS-AST/28953/2017 & POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028953. and the International Graduate Program for Excellence in Earth-Space Science. Part of the data analysis was carried out on the Multi-wavelength Data Analysis System operated by the Astronomy Data Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. Funding for the TESS mission is provided by NASA's Science Mission directorate. We acknowledge the use of public TESS Alert data from pipelines at the TESS Science Office and at the TESS Science Processing Operations Center. This research has made use of the Exoplanet Follow-up Observation Program website, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division at Ames Research Center for the production of the SPOC data products. This paper includes data collected by the TESS mission, which are publicly available from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes. This work makes use of observations from the LCOGT network. The analysis of this work has made use of a wide variety of public available software packages that are not referenced in the manuscript: Exo-Striker (Trifonov 2019), astropy (Astropy Collaboration 2018), scipy (Virtanen et al. 2020), numpy (Oliphant 2006), matplotlib (Hunter 2007), tqdm (da Costa-Luis 2019), pandas (The pandas development team 2020), seaborn (Waskom et al. 2020), lightkurve (Lightkurve Collaboration 2018) and PyFITS (Barrett et al. 2012).

Attached Files

Published - aa38967-20.pdf

Accepted Version - 2009.10432.pdf

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2009.10432.pdf

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Additional details

Identifiers

Eprint ID
106378
Resolver ID
CaltechAUTHORS:20201102-092227642

Related works

Funding

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
European Union
Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
FOR2544
Klaus Tschira Stiftung
Baden-Württemberg
Niedersachsen
Junta de Andalucía
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCINN)
PID2019-109522GB-C51/2/3/4
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCINN)
AYA2016-79425-C3-1/2/3-P
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
15H02063
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
JP17H04574
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
18H05442
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
JP18H01265
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
JP18H05439
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
19J11805
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
JP19K14783
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
22000005
Japan Science and Technology Agency
JPMJPR1775
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)
PTDC/FIS-AST/32113/2017
Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior (MCTES)
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)
UID/FIS/04434/2019
Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)
COMPETE2020
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)
POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032113
Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT)
3180063
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)
UID/FIS/04434/2019
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)
UIDB/04434/2020
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)
UIDP/04434/2020
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)
PTDC/FIS-AST/32113/2017
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)
POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032113
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)
PTDC/FIS-AST/28953/2017
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)
POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028953
University of Tokyo
NASA

Dates

Created
2020-11-04
Created from EPrint's datestamp field
Updated
2021-11-16
Created from EPrint's last_modified field

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