Published April 20, 2026 | Version Published
Journal Article Open

NuSTAR's Intentional Stray Light Observation of Scorpius X-1

  • 1. ROR icon Wayne State University
  • 2. Independent Researcher
  • 3. ROR icon Middlebury College
  • 4. ROR icon Utah Valley University
  • 5. ROR icon National Institute for Astrophysics
  • 6. ROR icon University of Rome Tor Vergata
  • 7. ROR icon California Institute of Technology
  • 8. ROR icon Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori di Pavia
  • 9. ROR icon University of Colorado Boulder

Abstract

We present the first spectral analysis of Scorpius X-1 (Sco X-1) using intentional stray light (SL) observations taken by NuSTAR. Unlike focused observations that have high telemetry load when observing bright sources, intentional SL observations can help reduce the telemetry and reduce the effect of dead time, thereby maximizing the on-source exposure time, all of which are critical for extremely bright sources that exhibit short timescale variability like Sco X-1. The intentional SL observation of Sco X-1, taken in 2023, captured the source primarily in the flaring branch (FB) of the Z track. We performed spectral modeling of the continuum and reprocessed emission. A combination of thermal and Comptonization components (modeled with thcomp ) provided a robust fit to the continuum. We test both scenarios for Comptonized emitting regions arising from the accretion disk and close to the neutron star, which provides comparable fit statistics. Reflection was modeled with the relxillNS model, enabling measurements of disk inclination consistent with prior radio and IXPE studies and comparison of the inner disk radius to the emission radii of the thermal components. Overall, the results from the intentional SL data provide comparable results to literature on the focused NuSTAR data of Sco X-1 in the FB or taken contemporaneously. The success of this observation demonstrates the capability of SL data to yield high-quality spectral constraints comparable to focused observations, offering a powerful avenue for studying bright X-ray binaries with NuSTAR.

Copyright and License

© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

Acknowledgement

This work is supported by NASA under grant No. 80NSSC23K0498.

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Additional details

Related works

Is new version of
Discussion Paper: arXiv:2603.26448 (arXiv)

Funding

National Aeronautics and Space Administration
80NSSC23K0498

Dates

Submitted
2026-02-13
Accepted
2026-03-26
Available
2026-04-16
Published online