Published November 1, 2024 | Version Published
Journal Article Open

Do All Fast Radio Bursts Repeat? Constraints from CHIME/FRB Far Sidelobe FRBs

  • 1. ROR icon Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica
  • 2. ROR icon Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics
  • 3. ROR icon University of Toronto
  • 4. ROR icon York University
  • 5. Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace, Université d'Orléans / CNRS, 45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France
  • 6. ROR icon Canadian Institute for Advanced Research
  • 7. ROR icon Perimeter Institute
  • 8. ROR icon Carnegie Mellon University
  • 9. ROR icon University of Amsterdam
  • 10. ROR icon McGill University
  • 11. ROR icon California Institute of Technology
  • 12. ROR icon Yale University
  • 13. ROR icon Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
  • 14. ROR icon National Centre for Radio Astrophysics
  • 15. ROR icon West Virginia University
  • 16. ROR icon University of Chile
  • 17. ROR icon University of British Columbia
  • 18. ROR icon University of Wisconsin–Madison
  • 19. ROR icon National Research Council Canada
  • 20. CSIRO Space & Astronomy, Parkes Observatory, P.O. Box 276, Parkes NSW 2870, Australia
  • 21. ROR icon Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • 22. NHFP Einstein Fellow.
  • 23. ROR icon International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research
  • 24. Banting Fellow.
  • 25. McGill Space Institute Fellow.
  • 26. FRQNT Postdoctoral Fellow.
  • 27. Sidrat Research, 124 Merton Street, Suite 507, Toronto, ON M4S 2Z2, Canada
  • 28. ROR icon National Radio Astronomy Observatory
  • 29. ROR icon Simon Fraser University

Abstract

We report 10 fast radio bursts (FRBs) detected in the far sidelobe region (i.e., ≥5° off-meridian) of the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) from August 28 2018 to August 31 2021. We localize the bursts by fitting their spectra with a model of the CHIME/FRB synthesized beam response. We find that the far sidelobe events have on average ∼500 times greater fluxes than events detected in CHIME's main lobe. We show that the sidelobe sample is therefore statistically ∼20 times closer than the main lobe sample. We find promising host galaxy candidates (Pcc < 1%) for two of the FRBs, 20190112B and 20210310B, at distances of 38 and 16 Mpc, respectively. CHIME/FRB did not observe repetition of similar brightness from the uniform sample of 10 sidelobe FRBs in a total exposure time of 35,580 hr. Under the assumption of Poisson-distributed bursts, we infer that the mean repetition interval above the detection threshold of the far sidelobe events is longer than 11,880 hr, which is at least 2380 times larger than the interval from known CHIME/FRB detected repeating sources, with some caveats, notably that very narrowband events could have been missed. Our results from these far sidelobe events suggest one of two scenarios: either (1) all FRBs repeat and the repetition intervals span a wide range, with high-rate repeaters being a rare sub-population, or (2) non-repeating FRBs are a distinct population different from known repeaters.

Copyright and License

Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

Acknowledgement

We acknowledge that CHIME is located on the traditional, ancestral, and unceded territory of the Syilx/Okanagan people. We thank the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory, operated by the National Research Council Canada, for gracious hospitality and expertize. CHIME is funded by a grant from the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) 2012 Leading Edge Fund (Project 31170) and by contributions from the provinces of British Columbia, Quebec, and Ontario. The CHIME/FRB Project is funded by a grant from the CFI 2015 Innovation Fund (Project 33213) and by contributions from the provinces of British Columbia and Quebec, and by the Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics at the University of Toronto. Additional support was provided by the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), McGill University and the McGill Space Institute via the Trottier Family Foundation, and the University of British Columbia. The Dunlap Institute is funded through an endowment established by the David Dunlap family and the University of Toronto. Research at Perimeter Institute is supported by the Government of Canada through Industry Canada and by the Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Research & Innovation. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation (NSF) operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. FRB research at UBC is supported by an NSERC Discovery Grant and by the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. FRB research at WVU is supported by an NSF grant (2006548, 2018490). Computations were performed on the Niagara and Cedar supercomputers at the SciNet HPC Consortium (C. Loken et al. 2010; M. Ponce et al. 2019). SciNet is funded by the Canada Foundation for Innovation; the government of Ontario; the Ontario Research Fund–Research Excellence (ORF-RE); and the University of Toronto.

P.S. is a Dunlap Fellow. U.-L.P receives support from the ORF-RE program, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [funding reference number RGPIN-2019-067, CRD 523638-18, 555585-20], Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI), the National Science Foundation of China (grants No. 11929301), Thoth Technology Inc, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, and the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan(110-2112-M-001-071-MY3). Computations were performed on the SOSCIP Consortium's [Blue Gene/Q, Cloud Data Analytics, Agile and/or Large Memory System] computing platform(s). SOSCIP is funded by the Federal Economic Development Agency of Southern Ontario, the Province of Ontario, IBM Canada Ltd., Ontario Centres of Excellence, Mitacs, and 15 Ontario academic member institutions. M.B. is a Mcwilliams Fellow and an International Astronomical Association Gruber fellow. A.P.C. is a Vanier Canada Graduate Scholar. K.R.S acknowledges support from FRQNT Doctoral Research Award. S.P.T. is a CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholar in the Gravity and Extreme Universe Program. B.C.A. is supported by an FRQNT Doctoral Research Award. A.M.C. was supported by the Government of Ontario through an Ontario Graduate Scholarship. M.D. is supported by a CRC Chair, NSERC Discovery Grant, CIFAR, and by the FRQNT Centre de Recherche en Astrophysique du Québec (CRAQ). F.A.D. is funded by the U.B.C Four Year Fellowship. G.E. is supported by an NSERC Discovery Grant (RGPIN-2020-04554) and by a Canadian Statistical Sciences Institute (CANSSI) Collaborative Research Team Grant. B.M.G. is supported by an NSERC Discovery Grant (RGPIN-2022-03163), and by the Canada Research Chairs (CRC) program. V.M.K. holds the Lorne Trottier Chair in Astrophysics & Cosmology, a Distinguished James McGill Professorship, and receives support from an NSERC Discovery grant (RGPIN 228738-13), and from the FRQNT CRAQ. C.L. was supported by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) through the National Defense Science & Engineering Graduate Fellowship (NDSEG) Program. K.W.M. holds the Adam J. Burgasser Chair in Astrophysics and is supported by an NSF Grant (2008031). A.B.P. is a Banting Fellow, McGill Space Institute (MSI) Fellow, and a Fonds de Recherche du Quebec–Nature et Technologies (FRQNT) postdoctoral fellow. Z.P. is a Dunlap Fellow. K.S. is supported by the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program. FRB research at UBC is supported by an NSERC Discovery Grant and by the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. The CHIME/FRB baseband system is funded in part by a CFI JELF award to I.H.S. D.C.S. is supported by by NSERC grant No. RGPIN/03985-2021.

Facilities

CHIME.

Software References

Astropy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 20132018), NumPy (C. R. Harris et al. 2020), SciPy (P. Virtanen et al. 2020), Matplotlib (J. D. Hunter 2007).

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Additional details

Funding

Canada Foundation for Innovation
33213
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council
RGPIN-2019-06
Canada Foundation for Innovation
31170

Dates

Accepted
2024-08-20
Accepted
Available
2024-10-25
Published online

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Publication Status
Published