Published May 2024 | Version Published
Journal Article Open

JWST lensed quasar dark matter survey – I. Description and first results

  • 1. ROR icon University of California, Merced
  • 2. STAR Institute, Quartier Agora – Allé du six Août, 19c, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
  • 3. ROR icon University of Chicago
  • 4. ROR icon University of Toronto
  • 5. ROR icon Stony Brook University
  • 6. ROR icon University of California, Los Angeles
  • 7. ROR icon University of California, Irvine
  • 8. ROR icon Andrés Bello University
  • 9. ROR icon Millennium Institute of Astrophysics
  • 10. ROR icon Carnegie Institution for Science
  • 11. ROR icon California Polytechnic State University
  • 12. ROR icon California Institute of Technology
  • 13. ROR icon University of California, Davis
  • 14. ROR icon University of Southampton
  • 15. ROR icon Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe
  • 16. ROR icon École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
  • 17. ROR icon University of Valparaíso
  • 18. ROR icon Jet Propulsion Lab
  • 19. ROR icon Stanford University
  • 20. ROR icon SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

Abstract

The flux ratios of gravitationally lensed quasars provide a powerful probe of the nature of dark matter. Importantly, these ratios are sensitive to small-scale structure, irrespective of the presence of baryons. This sensitivity may allow us to study the halo mass function even below the scales where galaxies form observable stars. For accurate measurements, it is essential that the quasar’s light is emitted from a physical region of the quasar with an angular scale of milliarcseconds or larger; this minimizes microlensing effects by stars within the deflector. The warm dust region of quasars fits this criterion, as it has parsec-size physical scales and dominates the spectral energy distribution of quasars at wavelengths greater than 10 μm. The JWST Mid-Infrared Instrument is adept at detecting redshifted light in this wavelength range, offering both the spatial resolution and sensitivity required for accurate gravitational lensing flux ratio measurements. Here, we introduce our survey designed to measure the warm dust flux ratios of 31 lensed quasars. We discuss the flux-ratio measurement technique and present results for the first target, DES J0405-3308. We find that we can measure the quasar warm dust flux ratios with 3 per cent precision. Our simulations suggest that this precision makes it feasible to detect the presence of 107 M dark matter haloes at cosmological distances. Such haloes are expected to be completely dark in cold dark matter models.

Copyright and License

© 2024 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Acknowledgement

We thank Crystal Mannfolk, Greg Sloan, and Blair Porterfield for help with observation planning. We thank Karl Gordon, Mattia Libralato, Jane Morrison, and Sarah Kendrew for their help in answering questions about the data reduction. We thank Marshall Perrin for helpful conversations about webbPSF.

This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA JWST. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5–03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with program #2046. Support for program #2046 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5–03127.

AN and TT acknowledge support from the NSF through AST-2205100 ‘Collaborative Research: Measuring the physical properties of dark matter with strong gravitational lensing’. The work of LAM and DS was carried out at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. TA acknowledges support from the Millennium Science Initiative ICN12_009 and the ANID BASAL project FB210003. DS acknowledges the support of the Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, Belgium, under grant number 4.4503.1. VM acknowledges support from ANID FONDECYT regular grant number 1231418 and Centro de Astrofísica de Valparaíso. VNB gratefully acknowledges assistance from the National Science Foundation (NSF) Research at Undergraduate Institutions (RUI) grant AST-1909297. Note that findings and conclusions do not necessarily represent views of the NSF. KNA is partially supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Theoretical Physics Program, grant numbers PHY-1915005 and PHY-2210283. AK was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) grant number DE-SC0009937, by the UC Southern California Hub, with funding from the UC National Laboratories division of the University of California Office of the President, by the World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), MEXT, Japan, and by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI grant number JP20H05853. SB acknowledges support from Stony Brook University. DG acknowledges support for this work provided by the Brinson Foundation through a Brinson Prize Fellowship grant, and from the Schmidt Futures organization through a Schmidt AI in Science Fellowship.

Data Availability

The data underlying this article are subject to a proprietary period of 1 yr from the observation date, 2022 October 27. Once the proprietary period expires, the data will be available from the Barbara A. Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes. The data may also be shared before this time upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.

Files

stae499.pdf

Files (95.8 MB)

Name Size
md5:0201edd280404a66effda34bfb24a2e8
95.8 MB Preview Download

Additional details

Related works

Is new version of
Discussion Paper: arXiv:2309.10101 (arXiv)

Funding

National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NAS 5-03127
National Science Foundation
AST-2205100
National Science Foundation
ICN12_009
Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo
FB210003
Fund for Scientific Research
4.4503.1
Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo
1231418
National Science Foundation
AST-1909297
National Science Foundation
PHY-1915005
National Science Foundation
PHY-2210283
United States Department of Energy
DE-SC0009937
University of California Office of the President
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
JP20H05853
Stony Brook University
Brinson Foundation

Dates

Submitted
2023-09-18
Accepted
2024-02-02
Available
2024-02-19
Published
Available
2024-04-30
Corrected and typeset

Caltech Custom Metadata