Published October 2020 | Version Submitted + Published
Journal Article Open

Performance of the CMS Level-1 trigger in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV

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Abstract

At the start of Run 2 in 2015, the LHC delivered proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. During Run 2 (years 2015–2018) the LHC eventually reached a luminosity of 2.1× 10³⁴ cm⁻²s⁻¹, almost three times that reached during Run 1 (2009–2013) and a factor of two larger than the LHC design value, leading to events with up to a mean of about 50 simultaneous inelastic proton-proton collisions per bunch crossing (pileup). The CMS Level-1 trigger was upgraded prior to 2016 to improve the selection of physics events in the challenging conditions posed by the second run of the LHC. This paper describes the performance of the CMS Level-1 trigger upgrade during the data taking period of 2016–2018. The upgraded trigger implements pattern recognition and boosted decision tree regression techniques for muon reconstruction, includes pileup subtraction for jets and energy sums, and incorporates pileup-dependent isolation requirements for electrons and tau leptons. In addition, the new trigger calculates high-level quantities such as the invariant mass of pairs of reconstructed particles. The upgrade reduces the trigger rate from background processes and improves the trigger efficiency for a wide variety of physics signals.

Additional Information

© 2020 CERN for the benefit of the CMS collaboration. Published by IOP Publishing Ltd on behalf of Sissa Medialab. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Received 17 June 2020; Accepted 20 August 2020; Published 19 October 2020. We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: the Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research and the Austrian Science Fund; the Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique, and Fonds voorWetenschappelijk Onderzoek; the Brazilian Funding Agencies (CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP); the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science; CERN; the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, and National Natural Science Foundation of China; the Colombian Funding Agency (COLCIENCIAS); the Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sport, and the Croatian Science Foundation; the Research and Innovation Foundation, Cyprus; the Secretariat for Higher Education, Science, Technology and Innovation, Ecuador; the Ministry of Education and Research, Estonian Research Council via PRG780, PRG803 and PRG445 and European Regional Development Fund, Estonia; the Academy of Finland, Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture, and Helsinki Institute of Physics; the Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules / CNRS, and Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives / CEA, France; the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under Germany's Excellence Strategy — EXC 2121 "Quantum Universe" — 390833306, and Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren, Germany; the General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Greece; the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund, Hungary; the Department of Atomic Energy and the Department of Science and Technology, India; the Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics, Iran; the Science Foundation, Ireland; the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy; the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, and National Research Foundation (NRF), Republic of Korea; the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Latvia; the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences; the Ministry of Education, and University of Malaya (Malaysia); the Ministry of Science of Montenegro; the Mexican Funding Agencies (BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI); the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, New Zealand; the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission; the Ministry of Science and Higher Education and the National Science Center, Poland; the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal; JINR, Dubna; the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the Federal Agency of Atomic Energy of the Russian Federation, Russian Academy of Sciences, the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, and the National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute"; the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Serbia; the Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Programa Consolider-Ingenio 2010, Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017–2020, research project IDI-2018-000174 del Principado de Asturias, and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, Spain; the Ministry of Science, Technology and Research, Sri Lanka; the Swiss Funding Agencies (ETH Board, ETH Zurich, PSI, SNF, UniZH, Canton Zurich, and SER); the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taipei; the Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, the Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology of Thailand, Special Task Force for Activating Research and the National Science and Technology Development Agency of Thailand; the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authority; the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; the Science and Technology Facilities Council, U.K.; the U.S. Department of Energy, and the U.S. National Science Foundation. Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract Nos. 675440, 752730, and 765710 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A.P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science— EOS"—be.h project n. 30820817; the Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, No. Z191100007219010; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Lendület ("Momentum") Program and the János Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program ÚNKP, the NKFIA research grants 123842, 123959, 124845, 124850, 125105, 128713, 128786, and 129058 (Hungary); the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund, the Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the National Science Center (Poland), contracts Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, and 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, project no. 02.a03.21.0005 (Russia); the Tomsk Polytechnic University Competitiveness Enhancement Program and "Nauka" Project FSWW-2020-0008 (Russia); the Programa de Excelencia María de Maeztu, and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; the Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF, and the Greek NSRF; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University, and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); the Kavli Foundation; the Nvidia Corporation; the SuperMicro Corporation; the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (U.S.A.).

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Additional details

Identifiers

Eprint ID
107899
Resolver ID
CaltechAUTHORS:20210204-083114778

Funding

Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung Und Wirtschaft (BMWFW)
FWF Der Wissenschaftsfond
Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS)
Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Ministry of Education and Science (Bulgaria)
CERN
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Ministry of Science and Technology (China)
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (COLCIENCIAS)
Ministry of Science, Education and Sport (Croatia)
Croatian Science Foundation
Research Promotion Foundation (Cyprus)
Secretaría Nacional de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENESCYT)
Ministry of Education and Research (Estonia)
Estonian Research Council
PRG780
Estonian Research Council
PRG803
Estonian Research Council
PRG445
European Regional Development Fund (Estonia)
Academy of Finland
Ministry of Education and Culture (Finland)
Helsinki Institute of Physics
Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3)
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
EXC 2121
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
390833306
Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF)
General Secretariat for Research and Technology (GSRT)
National Research, Development and Innovation Fund (NKFIA)
Department of Atomic Energy (India)
Department of Science and Technology (India)
Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics (Iran)
Science Foundation, Ireland
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)
Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (Korea)
National Research Foundation of Korea
Ministry of Education and Science (Latvia)
Lithuanian Academy of Sciences
Ministry of Education (Malaysia)
University of Malaya
Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP)
Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV)
Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT)
Laboratorio Nacional de Supercómputo (LNS)
Secretaría de Educación Pública (SEP)
Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí Inicio-Facultad de Ingeniería (UASLP-FAI)
Ministero della Scienza del Montenegro (MOS)
Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (New Zealand)
Atomic Energy Commission (Pakistan)
Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Poland)
National Science Centre (Poland)
Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT)
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR)
Russian Ministry of Education and Sciences (MON)
RosAtom
Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Foundation for Basic Research
National Research Center, Kurchatov Institute (Russia)
Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (Serbia)
Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (SEIDI)
Centro Nacional de Física de Partículas, Astropartículas y Nuclear (CPAN)
Plan de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovació (PCTI)
Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)
Ministry of Science, Technology and Research (Sri Lanka)
Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (SEIDI)
Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación
IDI-2018-000174
Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)
Ministry of Science, Technology and Research (Sri Lanka)
Swiss Funding Agencies
Ministry of Science and Technology (Taipei)
Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics
Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology (Thailand)
Special Task Force for Activating Research (Thailand)
National Science and Technology Development Agency (Thailand)
Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK)
Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu (TAEK)
National Academy of Sciences (Ukraine)
Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
Department of Energy (DOE)
NSF
Marie Curie Fellowship
European Research Council (ERC)
675440
European Research Council (ERC)
752730
European Research Council (ERC)
765710
Leventis Foundation
Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO)
Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium)
Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium)
Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS)
30820817
Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission
Z191100007219010
Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic)
Hungarian Academy of Sciences
National Research, Development and Innovation Fund (NKFIA)
123842
National Research, Development and Innovation Fund (NKFIA)
123959
National Research, Development and Innovation Fund (NKFIA)
124845
National Research, Development and Innovation Fund (NKFIA)
124850
National Research, Development and Innovation Fund (NKFIA)
125105
National Research, Development and Innovation Fund (NKFIA)
128713
National Research, Development and Innovation Fund (NKFIA)
128786
National Research, Development and Innovation Fund (NKFIA)
129058
Council of Science and Industrial Research (India)
Foundation for Polish Science HOMING PLUS Program
European Union Regional Development Fund
Mobility Plus Program
Harmonia Program
2014/14/M/ST2/00428
OPUS Program
2014/13/B/ST2/02543
OPUS Program
2014/15/B/ST2/03998
OPUS Program
2015/19/B/ST2/02861
Sonata-bis Program
2012/07/E/ST2/01406
Qatar National Research Fund National Priorities Research Program
National Research Nuclear University
02.a03.21.0005
Tomsk Polytechnic University
FSWW-2020-0008
Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y Técnica de Excelencia María de Maeztu
Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias
Thalis Program
Aristeia Program
European Social Fund
Greek National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF)
Rachadapisek Sompot Fund, Chulalongkorn University
Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand)
Kavli Foundation
Nvidia Corporation
SuperMicro Corporation
Robert A. Welch Foundation
C-1845
Weston Havens Foundation

Dates

Created
2021-02-04
Created from EPrint's datestamp field
Updated
2022-07-12
Created from EPrint's last_modified field

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