Prediction of smoke movement in buildings

The purpose of this paper is to describe briefly and in a general way several schemes used to calculate the motion of smoke through a structure or part of a structure involved in a fire. Calculations of this type are required if we are to understand the spread fire through the structure and if we are to learn how to write building codes and other regulations which can provide the best possible protection for building occupants. For example, one of aims of designers of high rise buildings is the incorporation in their designs of regions where people can be protected from contact with cornbustion products without the requirement that they be able to escape from the building. Another aim is to restrict combustion products to the floor of the fire origin at least and, if possible, to a part of that floor. Finally, consider the simpler problem posed by the requirement that a ceiling or wall of a burning home be opened to change the flow of smoke such that firemen can approach the fire. To obtain a solution of each of these problems, we must be able to calculate the effects of smoke control measures (active or passive) on the gas motion.