CaltechAUTHORS
Published May 2022 | Version Accepted Version + Published
Journal Article Open

A Possible Alignment Between the Orbits of Planetary Systems and their Visual Binary Companions

Creators

  • 1. ROR icon Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • 2. ROR icon University of Wisconsin–Madison
  • 3. ROR icon California Institute of Technology
  • 4. ROR icon Columbia University
  • 5. ROR icon University of Arizona
  • 6. ROR icon Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
  • 7. ROR icon University of Southern Queensland
  • 8. ROR icon The University of Texas at Austin
  • 9. ROR icon Vanderbilt University
  • 10. ROR icon Fisk University
  • 11. ROR icon Princeton University
  • 12. ROR icon Ames Research Center
  • 13. ROR icon Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur
  • 14. ROR icon Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía
  • 15. ROR icon Austin College
  • 16. ROR icon University of Liège
  • 17. ROR icon Cadi Ayyad University
  • 18. ROR icon University of La Laguna
  • 19. ROR icon Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
  • 20. ROR icon George Mason University
  • 21. ROR icon Millennium Institute of Astrophysics
  • 22. ROR icon Technical University of Denmark
  • 23. ROR icon University of Montreal
  • 24. ROR icon Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence
  • 25. ROR icon Ural Federal University
  • 26. ROR icon American Association of Variable Star Observers
  • 27. ROR icon European Space Research and Technology Centre
  • 28. ROR icon University of Tokyo
  • 29. ROR icon Howard Community College
  • 30. ROR icon University of New Mexico
  • 31. ROR icon University of Birmingham
  • 32. ROR icon Obstech (Chile)
  • 33. ROR icon Tsinghua University
  • 34. ROR icon Wellesley College
  • 35. ROR icon Kyoto University
  • 36. ROR icon Swarthmore College
  • 37. ROR icon The Ohio State University
  • 38. ROR icon University of Louisville
  • 39. ROR icon Osservatorio Astronomico di Campo Catino
  • 40. ROR icon Astrobiology Center
  • 41. ROR icon National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
  • 42. ROR icon Japan Science and Technology Agency
  • 43. ROR icon University of Bern
  • 44. ROR icon Catholic University of the Most Holy Conception
  • 45. ROR icon Goddard Space Flight Center
  • 46. ROR icon Perth Exoplanet Survey Telescope Observatory
  • 47. ROR icon Curtin University
  • 48. ROR icon Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica
  • 49. ROR icon National Taiwan University
  • 50. ROR icon University of Colorado Boulder
  • 51. ROR icon Stephen F. Austin State University

Abstract

Astronomers do not have a complete picture of the effects of wide-binary companions (semimajor axes greater than 100 au) on the formation and evolution of exoplanets. We investigate these effects using new data from Gaia Early Data Release 3 and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite mission to characterize wide-binary systems with transiting exoplanets. We identify a sample of 67 systems of transiting exoplanet candidates (with well-determined, edge-on orbital inclinations) that reside in wide visual binary systems. We derive limits on orbital parameters for the wide-binary systems and measure the minimum difference in orbital inclination between the binary and planet orbits. We determine that there is statistically significant difference in the inclination distribution of wide-binary systems with transiting planets compared to a control sample, with the probability that the two distributions are the same being 0.0037. This implies that there is an overabundance of planets in binary systems whose orbits are aligned with those of the binary. The overabundance of aligned systems appears to primarily have semimajor axes less than 700 au. We investigate some effects that could cause the alignment and conclude that a torque caused by a misaligned binary companion on the protoplanetary disk is the most promising explanation.

Additional Information

© 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Received 2021 June 22; revised 2021 December 21; accepted 2022 January 30; published 2022 April 11. We thank the anonymous referee and Eric Feigelson (the AAS Journals statistics editor) for valuable comments that strengthened our manuscript. We acknowledge the members of Dave Latham's Coffee Club for their helpful feedback and insights. We thank Coco Zhang, Konstantin Batygin, and Darryl Seligman for useful conversations. The authors acknowledge the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) at The University of Texas at Austin for providing high-performance computing resources that have contributed to the research results reported within this paper (http://www.tacc.utexas.edu). This paper includes data collected by the TESS mission, which are publicly available from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). Funding for the TESS mission is provided by NASA's Science Mission directorate. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC; https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. This work makes use of observations from the LCOGT network. Part of the LCOGT telescope time was granted by NOIRLab through the Mid-Scale Innovations Program (MSIP). MSIP is funded by the NSF. This article is based on observations made with the MuSCAT2 instrument, developed by ABC, at Telescopio Carlos Sánchez operated on the island of Tenerife by the IAC in the Spanish Observatorio del Teide. This paper is based on observations made with the MuSCAT3 instrument, developed by the Astrobiology Center and under financial supports by JSPS KAKENHI (JP18H05439) and JST PRESTO (JPMJPR1775), at Faulkes Telescope North on Maui, HI, operated by the Las Cumbres Observatory. The IRSF project is a collaboration between Nagoya University and the South African Astronomical Observatory (SAAO) supported by the Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas (A) (grant Nos. 10147207 and 10147214) and Optical & Near-Infrared Astronomy Inter-University Cooperation Program, from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan and the National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa. This work is partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant No. JP18H05439, and JST PRESTO grant No. JPMJPR1775, and a University Research Support Grant from the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ). This work is partly supported by Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows, grant No. JP20J21872. This work is partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant No. JP17H04574. This work is partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant No. JP20K14518, and by Astrobiology Center SATELLITE Research project AB022006. M.T. is supported by MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI grant Nos. 18H05442, 15H02063, and 22000005. This work is partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant No. JP21K13955. This work is partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant No. 20K14521. C.R.-L. acknowledges financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa award for the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709). M.R. acknowledges support from the Universidad Católica de lo Santísima Concepción grant DI-FIAI 03/2021. P.J.A. acknowledges support from grant AYA2016-79425-C3-3-P of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) and the Centre of Excellence "Severo Ochoa" award to the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709). This paper is based on observations made with the T150 telescope at the Sierra Nevada Observatory (Granada, Spain), operated by the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA—CSIC). The research leading to these results has received funding from the ARC grant for Concerted Research Actions, financed by the Wallonia-Brussels Federation. TRAPPIST is funded by the Belgian Fund for Scientific Research (Fond National de la Recherche Scientifique, FNRS) under the grant FRFC 2.5.594.09.F. TRAPPIST-North is a project funded by the University of Liège (Belgium), in collaboration with Cadi Ayyad University of Marrakech (Morocco). D.D. acknowledges support from the TESS Guest Investigator Program grant No. 80NSSC19K1727 and NASA Exoplanet Research Program grant No. 18-2XRP18_2-0136. M.G. and E.J. are F.R.S.-FNRS Senior Research Associates. K.K.M. acknowledges support from the New York Community Trust's Fund for Astrophysical Research. This work has been carried out within the framework of the NCCR PlanetS supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation. This work makes use of observations from the ASTEP telescope. ASTEP benefited from the support of the French and Italian polar agencies IPEV and PNRA in the framework of the Concordia station program and from Idex UCAJEDI (ANR-15-IDEX-01). Facilities: Gaia, TESS, FLWO:1.5 m (TRES), CTIO:1.5 m (CHIRON), UKST (RAVE), LCOGT (NRES), FIES, LAMOST, APOGEE, GALAH, ASTEP (Guillot et al. 2015), MuSCAT (Narita et al. 2015), MuSCAT2 (Narita et al. 2019), MuSCAT3 (Narita et al. 2020), SIRIUS (Nagayama et al. 2003). Software: LOFTI (Pearce et al. 2020), Astropy (Price-Whelan et al. 2018), Pystan (Riddell et al. 2018), Isochrones (Morton 2015), TOPCAT (Taylor 2006), AstroImageJ (Collins et al. 2017), TAPIR (Jensen 2013).

Attached Files

Published - Christian_2022_AJ_163_207.pdf

Accepted Version - 2202.00042.pdf

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Additional details

Identifiers

Eprint ID
114302
Resolver ID
CaltechAUTHORS:20220414-26208000

Related works

Describes
https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.00042 (URL)

Funding

Gaia Multilateral Agreement
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
JP18H05439
Japan Science and Technology Agency
JPMJPR1775
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
10147207
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
10147214
National Research Foundation (South Africa)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
JP18H05439
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
JP20J21872
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
JP17H04574
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
JP20K14518
National Institutes of Natural Sciences of Japan
AB022006
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
18H05442
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
15H02063
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
22000005
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
JP21K13955
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
20K14521
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCIU)
SEV-2017-0709
Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción
DI-FIAI 03/2021
Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO)
AYA2016-79425-C3-3-P
Wallonia-Brussels Federation
Fond National de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS)
FRFC 2.5.594.09.F
University of Liège
Cadi Ayyad University of Marrakech
NASA
80NSSC19K1727
NASA
18-2XRP18_2-0136
New York Community Trust
Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)
Institut polaire français Paul-Émile Victor (IPEV)
Programma Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide (PNRA)
Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR)
ANR-15-IDEX-01

Dates

Created
2022-04-19
Created from EPrint's datestamp field
Updated
2022-04-19
Created from EPrint's last_modified field