Euclid preparation. XXVII. The NISP spectroscopy channel: Ground performance and calibration

Euclid Collaboration; Gillard, W.; Maciaszek, T.; Prieto, E.; Grupp, F.; Costille, A.; Jahnke, K.; Clemens, J.; Dusini, S.; Carle, M.; Sirignano, C.; Medinaceli, E.; Ligori, S.; Franceschi, E.; Trifoglio, M.; Bon, W.; Barbier, R.; Ferriol, S.; Secroun, A.; Auricchio, N.; Battaglia, P.; Bonoli, C.; Corcione, L.; Hormuth, F.; Le Mignant, D.; Morgante, G.; Padilla, C.; Toledo-Moreo, R.; Valenziano, L.; Bender, R.; Castander, F. J.; Lilje, P. B.; Balestra, A.; Barriere, J.-J. C.; Berthe, M.; Boderndorf, C.; Bonnefoi, A.; Capobianco, V.; Casas, R.; Cho, H.; Ducret, F.; Gimenez, J.-L.; Holmes, W.; Hornstrup, A.; Jhabvala, M.; Jullo, E.; Kohley, R.; Kubik, B.; Laureijs, R.; Lloro, I.; Macabiau, C.; Mellier, Y.; Polenta, G.; Racca, G. D.; Renzi, A.; Schirmer, M.; Seidel, G.; Seiffert, M.; Sirri, G.; Smadja, G.; Stanco, L.; Wachter, S.; Aussel, H.; Auphan, T.; Granett, B. R.; Chary, R.; Copin, Y.; Hudelot, P.; Le Brun, V.; Torradeflot, F.; Appleton, P. N.; Casenove, P.; Chabaud, P.-Y.; Frailis, M.; Fumana, M.; Guzzo, L.; Mainetti, G.; Maino, D.; Moresco, M.; Percival, W. J.; Scaramella, R.; Scodeggio, M.; Stickley, N. R.; Vibert, D.; Wang, Y.; Zoubian, J.; Aghanim, N.; Altieri, B.; Amara, A.; Andreon, S.; Baccigalupi, C.; Baldi, M.; Bardelli, S.; Biviano, A.; Bonchi, A.; Branchini, E.; Brescia, M.; Brinchmann, J.; Camera, S.; Cañas-Herrera, G.; Carbone, C.; Carretero, J.; Casas, S.; Castellano, M.; Castignani, G.; Cavuoti, S.; Chambers, K. C.; Cimatti, A.; Colodro-Conde, C.; Congedo, G.; Conselice, C. J.; Conversi, L.; Courbin, F.; Courtois, H. M.; Cuby, J.-G.; Da Silva, A.; da Silva, R.; Degaudenzi, H.; De Lucia, G.; Di Giorgio, A. M.; Dole, H.; Douspis, M.; Dubath, F.; Dupac, X.; Escoffier, S.; Fabricius, M.; Farina, M.; Farinelli, R.; Fosalba, P.; Fotopoulou, S.; Fourmanoit, N.; Franzetti, P.; Galeotta, S.; George, K.; Gillis, B.; Giocoli, C.; Gómez-Alvarez, P.; Gracia-Carpio, J.; Grazian, A.; Haugan, S. V. H.; Hoar, J.; Hoekstra, H.; Hook, I. M.; Keihänen, E.; Kermiche, S.; Kiessling, A.; Kümmel, M.; Kunz, M.; Kurki-Suonio, H.; Le Boulc'h, Q.; Le Brun, A. M. C.; Liebing, P.; Lindholm, V.; Maiorano, E.; Mansutti, O.; Marcin, S.; Marggraf, O.; Markovic, K.; Martinelli, M.; Martinet, N.; Marulli, F.; Massey, R.; Maurogordato, S.; McCracken, H. J.; Mei, S.; Melchior, M.; Meneghetti, M.; Merlin, E.; Meylan, G.; Mora, A.; Moscardini, L.; Nakajima, R.; Neissner, C.; Nichol, R. C.; Niemi, S.-M.; Nightingale, J. W.; Paltani, S.; Pasian, F.; Pedersen, K.; Pettorino, V.; Pires, S.; Poncet, M.; Popa, L. A.; Pozzetti, L.; Raison, F.; Rebolo, R.; Rhodes, J.; Riccio, G.; Romelli, E.; Roncarelli, M.; Rossetti, E.; Saglia, R.; Sakr, Z.; Sánchez, A. G.; Sapone, D.; Sartoris, B.; Schewtschenko, J. A.; Schneider, P.; Schrabback, T.; Sefusatti, E.; Simon, P.; Steinwagner, J.; Tallada-Crespí, P.; Tavagnacco, D.; Taylor, A. N.; Teplitz, H. I.; Tereno, I.; Toft, S.; Tutusaus, I.; Valiviita, J.; Vassallo, T.; Verdoes Kleijn, G.; Veropalumbo, A.; Weller, J.; Zacchei, A.; Zamorani, G.; Zerbi, F. M.; Zinchenko, I. A.; Zucca, E.; Allevato, V.; Ballardini, M.; Bolzonella, M.; Bozzo, E.; Burigana, C.; Cabanac, R.; Cappi, A.; Di Ferdinando, D.; Escartin Vigo, J. A.; Gabarra, L.; Hartley, W. G.; Martín-Fleitas, J.; Matthew, S.; Mauri, N.; Metcalf, R. B.; Pezzotta, A.; Pöntinen, M.; Porciani, C.; Risso, I.; Scottez, V.; Sereno, M.; Tenti, M.; Viel, M.; Wiesmann, M.; Akrami, Y.; Andika, I. T.; Anselmi, S.; Archidiacono, M.; Atrio-Barandela, F.; Bertacca, D.; Bethermin, M.; Blanchard, A.; Blot, L.; Borgani, S.; Brown, M. L.; Bruton, S.; Calabro, A.; Quevedo, B. Camacho; Caro, F.; Carvalho, C. S.; Castro, T.; Charles, Y.; Cogato, F.; Conseil, S.; Cooray, A. R.; Cucciati, O.; Davini, S.; De Paolis, F.; Desprez, G.; Díaz-Sánchez, A.; Diaz, J. J.; Di Domizio, S.; Diego, J. M.; Dimauro, P.; Duc, P.-A.; Enia, A.; Fang, Y.; Ferguson, A. M. N.; Ferrari, A. G.; Finoguenov, A.; Franco, A.; Ganga, K.; García-Bellido, J.; Gasparetto, T.; Gautard, V.; Gaztanaga, E.; Giacomini, F.; Gianotti, F.; Gozaliasl, G.; Gregorio, A.; Guidi, M.; Gutierrez, C. M.; Hall, A.; Hemmati, S.; Hernández-Monteagudo, C.; Hildebrandt, H.; Hjorth, J.; Kajava, J. J. E.; Kang, Y.; Kansal, V.; Karagiannis, D.; Kiiveri, K.; Kirkpatrick, C. C.; Kruk, S.; Le Graet, J.; Legrand, L.; Lembo, M.; Lepori, F.; Leroy, G.; Lesci, G. F.; Lesgourgues, J.; Leuzzi, L.; Liaudat, T. I.; Liu, S. J.; Loureiro, A.; Macias-Perez, J.; Maggio, G.; Magliocchetti, M.; Mancini, C.; Mannucci, F.; Maoli, R.; Martins, C. J. A. P.; Maurin, L.; McPartland, C. J. R.; Miluzio, M.; Monaco, P.; Montoro, A.; Moretti, C.; Nadathur, S.; Naidoo, K.; Navarro-Alsina, A.; Passalacqua, F.; Paterson, K.; Patrizii, L.; Pisani, A.; Potter, D.; Quai, S.; Radovich, M.; Rocci, P.-F.; Sacquegna, S.; Sahlén, M.; Sanders, D. B.; Sarpa, E.; Schneider, A.; Sciotti, D.; Sellentin, E.; Smith, L. C.; Tanidis, K.; Tao, C.; Testera, G.; Teyssier, R.; Tosi, S.; Troja, A.; Tucci, M.; Valieri, C.; Venhola, A.; Vergani, D.; Verza, G.; Walton, N. A.; Zalesky, L.

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202555859

Published March 2026 | Version Published

Journal Article Open

Euclid preparation. XXVII. The NISP spectroscopy channel: Ground performance and calibration

1. Center for Particle Physics of Marseilles
2. Centre National d'Études Spatiales
3. French National Centre for Scientific Research
4. Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
5. Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
6. Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
7. INFN Sezione di Padova
8. University of Padua
9. INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129, Bologna, Italy
10. Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
11. Claude Bernard University Lyon 1
12. Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
13. Felix Hormuth Engineering, Goethestr. 17, 69181, Leimen, Germany
14. Institute for High Energy Physics
15. Polytechnic University of Cartagena
16. INFN Sezione di Bologna
17. Institute of Space Sciences
18. Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya
19. University of Oslo
20. CEA Saclay
21. University of Paris
22. Jet Propulsion Lab
23. Technical University of Denmark
24. University of Copenhagen
25. Goddard Space Flight Center
26. European Space Astronomy Centre
27. European Space Research and Technology Centre
28. University of Groningen
29. Square Kilometre Array Organisation
30. Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris
31. Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
32. Leiden University
33. Carnegie Observatories
34. Brera Astronomical Observatory
35. Infrared Processing and Analysis Center
36. University of California, Los Angeles
37. Port d'Informació Científica
38. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas
39. Trieste Astronomical Observatory
40. Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Milano
41. University of Milan
42. INFN Sezione di Milano
43. Centre de Calcul de l'Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
44. University of Bologna
45. University of Waterloo
46. Perimeter Institute
47. Astronomical Observatory of Rome
48. INFN Sezione di Roma I
49. California Institute of Technology
50. Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale
51. University of Surrey
52. Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe
53. INFN Sezione di Trieste
54. International School for Advanced Studies
55. University of Genoa
56. INFN Sezione di Genova
57. University of Naples Federico II
58. Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte
59. University of Porto
60. University of Turin
61. INFN Sezione di Torino
62. RWTH Aachen University
63. INFN Sezione di Napoli
64. University of Hawaii at Manoa
65. Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
66. University of Edinburgh
67. University of Manchester
68. European Space Research Institute
69. University of Barcelona
70. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats
71. UCB Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IUF, IP2I Lyon, 4 rue Enrico Fermi, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
72. Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope
73. University of Lisbon
74. University of Geneva
75. Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology
76. University of Bristol
77. FRACTAL S.L.N.E., calle Tulipán 2, Portal 13 1A, 28231, Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain
78. Lancaster University
79. University of Helsinki
80. Helsinki Institute of Physics
81. Sorbonne University
82. University College London
83. University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland
84. University of Bonn
85. Durham University
86. Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur
87. Lagrange Laboratory
88. Astroparticle and Cosmology Laboratory
89. CNRS-UCB International Research Laboratory, Centre Pierre Binétruy, IRL2007, CPB-IN2P3, Berkeley, USA
90. École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
91. Aurora Technology for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692, Madrid, Spain
92. Newcastle University
93. Institute of Space Science
94. Spanish National Research Council
95. University of La Laguna
96. Heidelberg University
97. Research Institute in Astrophysics and Planetology
98. Université St Joseph, Faculty of Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon
99. University of Chile
100. Universität Innsbruck
101. Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN)
102. University of Ferrara
103. INFN Sezione di Ferrara
104. Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna
105. University of Oxford
106. Groupe Institut supérieur d'agriculture de Lille
107. ICSC – Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing, Via Magnanelli 2, Bologna, Italy
108. Institute for Theoretical Physics
109. Case Western Reserve University
110. Technical University of Munich
111. Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics
112. University of Salamanca
113. Observatory of Strasbourg
114. University of Tokyo
115. University of Trieste
116. University of California, Irvine
117. University of Salento
118. INFN Sezione di Lecce
119. INAF-Sezione di Lecce, c/o Dipartimento Matematica e Fisica, Via per Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy
120. Institute of Physics of Cantabria
121. National Observatory
122. University of Portsmouth
123. Aalto University
124. Ruhr University Bochum
125. University of Turku
126. Serco for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692, Madrid, Spain
127. ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics
128. Swinburne University of Technology
129. University of the Western Cape
130. University of Cambridge
131. University of Zurich
132. Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
133. Stockholm University
134. Imperial College London
135. Grenoble Institute of Technology
136. Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory
137. Sapienza University of Rome
138. Centre for Astrophysics of the University of Porto
139. HE Space for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692, Madrid, Spain
140. Princeton University
141. Uppsala University
142. University of Oulu
143. Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, New York, NY, 10010, USA

ESA’s Euclid cosmology mission relies on the very sensitive and accurately calibrated spectroscopy channel of the Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP). With three operational grisms in two wavelength intervals, NISP provides diffraction-limited slitless spectroscopy over a field of 0.57 deg². A blue grism, BG_E, covers the wavelength range 926–1366 nm at a spectral resolution (ℛ) of 440–900 for a 0.″5 diameter source with a dispersion of 1.24 nm px⁻¹. Two red grisms, RG_E, span 1206 to 1892 nm at ℛ = 550–740 and a dispersion of 1.37 nm px⁻¹. We describe the construction of the grisms as well as the ground testing of the flight model of the NISP instrument, where these properties were established.

Copyright and License

© The Authors 2026. Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Acknowledgement

The Euclid Consortium acknowledges the European Space Agency and a number of agencies and institutes that have supported the development of Euclid, in particular the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, the Austrian Forschungsförderungsgesellschaft funded through BMK, the Belgian Science Policy, the Canadian Euclid Consortium, the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, the DTU Space and the Niels Bohr Institute in Denmark, the French Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, the Netherlandse Onderzoekschool Voor Astronomie, the Norwegian Space Agency, the Research Council of Finland, the Romanian Space Agency, the State Secretariat for Education, Research, and Innovation (SERI) at the Swiss Space Office (SSO), and the United Kingdom Space Agency. A complete and detailed list is available on the Euclid web site (www.euclid-ec.org).

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Is new version of: Discussion Paper: arXiv:2506.08378 (arXiv)

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Euclid preparation. XXVII. The NISP spectroscopy channel: Ground performance and calibration

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