CaltechAUTHORS
Published March 2020 | Version Accepted Version + Published
Journal Article Open

XMM-Newton campaign on ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 1313 X-1: wind versus state variability

Creators

  • 1. ROR icon European Space Research and Technology Centre
  • 2. ROR icon University of Cambridge
  • 3. ROR icon Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • 4. ROR icon European Space Astronomy Centre
  • 5. ROR icon University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
  • 6. ROR icon University of Sydney
  • 7. ROR icon University of Southampton
  • 8. ROR icon Durham University
  • 9. ROR icon California Institute of Technology
  • 10. ROR icon Research Institute in Astrophysics and Planetology

Abstract

Most ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are thought to be powered by neutron stars and black holes accreting beyond the Eddington limit. If the compact object is a black hole or a neutron star with a magnetic field ≲10¹² G, the accretion disc is expected to thicken and launch powerful winds driven by radiation pressure. Evidence of such winds has been found in ULXs through the high-resolution spectrometers onboardXMM–Newton, but several unknowns remain, such as the geometry and launching mechanism of these winds. In order to better understand ULX winds and their link to the accretion regime, we have undertaken a major campaign with XMM–Newton to study the ULX NGC 1313 X-1, which is known to exhibit strong emission and absorption features from a mildly relativistic wind. The new observations show clear changes in the wind with a significantly weakened fast component (0.2c) and the rise of a new wind phase which is cooler and slower (0.06–0.08c). We also detect for the first time variability in the emission lines which indicates an origin within the accretion disc or in the wind. We describe the variability of the wind in the framework of variable super-Eddington accretion rate and discuss a possible geometry for the accretion disc.

Additional Information

© 2020 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model). Received: 08 November 2019; Revision received: 19 December 2019; Accepted: 12 January 2020; Published: 15 January 2020. This work is based on observations obtained with XMM–Newton, an ESA science mission funded by ESA Member States and USA (NASA). CP, MP, and FF are supported by European Space Agency (ESA) Research Fellowships. We acknowledge support from STFC and ERC Advanced Grant Feedback 340442 and the European Union's Horizon 2020 Programme under the AHEAD AO5 project (grant agreement n. 654215). We also thank J. de Plaa and M. Mehdipour for support in optimizing SPEX and I. Psaradaki for help with PYTHON. We thank the XMM–Newton SOC and, in particular, Jan-Uwe Ness for excellent support in optimizing our observing campaign. We finally acknowledge the anonymous referee for useful comments that improved the clarity of the paper.

Attached Files

Published - staa118.pdf

Accepted Version - 1911.09568.pdf

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1911.09568.pdf

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Additional details

Additional titles

Alternative title
XMM-Newton Campaign On Ultraluminous X-ray Source NGC 1313 X-1: Wind vs. State Variability

Identifiers

Eprint ID
102129
Resolver ID
CaltechAUTHORS:20200326-143435397

Related works

Describes
https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.09568 (URL)

Funding

ESA Member States
European Space Agency (ESA)
Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
European Research Council (ERC)
340442
European Research Council (ERC)
654215

Dates

Created
2020-03-27
Created from EPrint's datestamp field
Updated
2021-11-16
Created from EPrint's last_modified field

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Caltech groups
Space Radiation Laboratory