Tests of general relativity with binary black holes from the second LIGO-Virgo gravitational-wave transient catalog

Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D.; Abraham, S.; Acernese, F.; Ackley, K.; Adams, A.; Adams, C.; Adhikari, R. X.; Adya, V. B.; Affeldt, C.; Agathos, M.; Agatsuma, K.; Aggarwal, N.; Aguiar, O. D.; Aiello, L.; Ain, A.; Ajith, P.; Allen, G.; Allocca, A.; Altin, P. A.; Amato, A.; Anand, S.; Ananyeva, A.; Anderson, S. B.; Anderson, W. G.; Angelova, S. V.; Ansoldi, S.; Antelis, J. M.; Antier, S.; Appert, S.; Arai, K.; Araya, M. C.; Areeda, J. S.; Arène, M.; Arnaud, N.; Aronson, S. M.; Arun, K. G.; Asali, Y.; Ascenzi, S.; Ashton, G.; Aston, S. M.; Astone, P.; Aubin, F.; Aufmuth, P.; AultONeal, K.; Austin, C.; Avendano, V.; Babak, S.; Badaracco, F.; Bader, M. K. M.; Bae, S.; Baer, A. M.; Bagnasco, S.; Baird, J.; Ball, M.; Ballardin, G.; Ballmer, S. W.; Bals, A.; Balsamo, A.; Baltus, G.; Banagiri, S.; Bankar, D.; Bankar, R. S.; Barayoga, J. C.; Barbieri, C.; Barish, B. C.; Barker, D.; Barneo, P.; Barnum, S.; Barone, F.; Barr, B.; Barsotti, L.; Barsuglia, M.; Barta, D.; Bartlett, J.; Bartos, I.; Bassiri, R.; Basti, A.; Bawaj, M.; Bayley, J. C.; Bazzan, M.; Becher, B. R.; Bécsy, B.; Bedakihale, V. M.; Bejger, M.; Belahcene, I.; Beniwal, D.; Benjamin, M. G.; Benkel, R.; Bennett, T. F.; Bentley, J. D.; Bergamin, F.; Berger, B. K.; Bergmann, G.; Bernuzzi, S.; Berry, C. P. L.; Bersanetti, D.; Bertolini, A.; Betzwieser, J.; Bhandare, R.; Bhandari, A. V.; Bhattacharjee, D.; Bidler, J.; Bilenko, I. A.; Billingsley, G.; Birney, R.; Birnholtz, O.; Biscans, S.; Bischi, M.; Biscoveanu, S.; Bisht, A.; Bitossi, M.; Bizouard, M.-A.; Blackburn, J. K.; Blackman, J.; Blair, C. D.; Blair, D. G.; Blair, R. M.; Blanch, O.; Bobba, F.; Bode, N.; Boër, M.; Boetzel, Y.; Bogaert, G.; Boldrini, M.; Bondu, F.; Bonilla, E.; Bonnand, R.; Booker, P.; Boom, B. A.; Borhanian, S.; Bork, R.; Boschi, V.; Bose, N.; Bose, S.; Bossilkov, V.; Boudart, V.; Bouffanais, Y.; Bozzi, A.; Bradaschia, C.; Brady, P. R.; Bramley, A.; Branchesi, M.; Brau, J. E.; Breschi, M.; Briant, T.; Briggs, J. H.; Brighenti, F.; Brillet, A.; Brinkmann, M.; Brockill, P.; Brooks, A. F.; Brooks, J.; Brown, D. D.; Brunett, S.; Bruno, G.; Bruntz, R.; Buikema, A.; Bulik, T.; Bulten, H. J.; Buonanno, A.; Buskulic, D.; Byer, R. L.; Cabero, M.; Cadonati, L.; Caesar, M.; Cagnoli, G.; Cahillane, C.; Calderón Bustillo, J.; Callaghan, J. D.; Callister, T. A.; Calloni, E.; Camp, J. B.; Canepa, M.; Cannon, K. C.; Cao, H.; Cao, J.; Carapella, G.; Carbognani, F.; Carney, M. F.; Carpinelli, M.; Carullo, G.; Carver, T. L.; Casanueva Diaz, J.; Casentini, C.; Caudill, S.; Cavaglià, M.; Cavalier, F.; Cavalieri, R.; Cella, G.; Cerdá-Durán, P.; Cesarini, E.; Chaibi, W.; Chakravarti, K.; Chan, C.-L.; Chan, C.; Chandra, K.; Chanial, P.; Chao, S.; Charlton, P.; Chase, E. A.; Chassande-Mottin, E.; Chatterjee, D.; Chaturvedi, M.; Chatziioannou, K.; Chen, A.; Chen, H. Y.; Chen, X.; Chen, Y.; Cheng, H.-P.; Cheong, C. K.; Chia, H. Y.; Chiadini, F.; Chierici, R.; Chincarini, A.; Chiummo, A.; Cho, G.; Cho, H. S.; Cho, M.; Choate, S.; Christensen, N.; Chu, Q.; Chua, S.; Chung, K. W.; Chung, S.; Ciani, G.; Ciecielag, P.; Cieślar, M.; Cifaldi, M.; Ciobanu, A. A.; Ciolfi, R.; Cipriano, F.; Cirone, A.; Clara, F.; Clark, E. N.; Clark, J. A.; Clarke, L.; Clearwater, P.; Clesse, S.; Cleva, F.; Coccia, E.; Cohadon, P.-F.; Cohen, D. E.; Colleoni, M.; Collette, C. G.; Collins, C.; Colpi, M.; Constancio, M., Jr.; Conti, L.; Cooper, S. J.; Corban, P.; Corbitt, T. R.; Cordero-Carrión, I.; Corezzi, S.; Corley, K. R.; Cornish, N.; Corre, D.; Corsi, A.; Cortese, S.; Costa, C. A.; Cotesta, R.; Coughlin, M. W.; Coughlin, S. B.; Coulon, J.-P.; Countryman, S. T.; Couvares, P.; Covas, P. B.; Coward, D. M.; Cowart, M. J.; Coyne, D. C.; Coyne, R.; Creighton, J. D. E.; Creighton, T. D.; Croquette, M.; Crowder, S. G.; Cudell, J. R.; Cullen, T. J.; Cumming, A.; Cummings, R.; Cunningham, L.; Cuoco, E.; Curylo, M.; Dal Canton, T.; Dálya, G.; Dana, A.; DaneshgaranBajastani, L. M.; D'Angelo, B.; Danilishin, S. L.; D'Antonio, S.; Danzmann, K.; Darsow-Fromm, C.; Dasgupta, A.; Datrier, L. E. H.; Dattilo, V.; Dave, I.; Davier, M.; Davies, G. S.; Davis, D.; Daw, E. J.; Dean, R.; DeBra, D.; Deenadayalan, M.; Degallaix, J.; De Laurentis, M.; Deléglise, S.; Del Favero, V.; De Lillo, F.; De Lillo, N.; Del Pozzo, W.; DeMarchi, L. M.; De Matteis, F.; D'Emilio, V.; Demos, N.; Denker, T.; Dent, T.; Depasse, A.; De Pietri, R.; De Rosa, R.; De Rossi, C.; DeSalvo, R.; de Varona, O.; Dhani, A.; Dhurandhar, S.; Díaz, M. C.; Diaz-Ortiz, M., Jr.; Didio, N. A.; Dietrich, T.; Di Fiore, L.; DiFronzo, C.; Di Giorgio, C.; Di Giovanni, F.; Di Giovanni, M.; Di Girolamo, T.; Di Lieto, A.; Ding, B.; Di Pace, S.; Di Palma, I.; Di Renzo, F.; Divakarla, A. K.; Dmitriev, A.; Doctor, Z.; D'Onofrio, L.; Donovan, F.; Dooley, K. L.; Doravari, S.; Dorrington, I.; Downes, T. P.; Drago, M.; Driggers, J. C.; Du, Z.; Ducoin, J.-G.; Dudi, R.; Dupej, P.; Durante, O.; D'Urso, D.; Duverne, P.-A.; Dwyer, S. E.; Easter, P. J.; Eddolls, G.; Edelman, B.; Edo, T. B.; Edy, O.; Effler, A.; Eichholz, J.; Eikenberry, S. S.; Eisenmann, M.; Eisenstein, R. A.; Ejlli, A.; Errico, L.; Essick, R. C.; Estellés, H.; Estevez, D.; Etienne, Z. B.; Etzel, T.; Evans, M.; Evans, T. M.; Ewing, B. E.; Fafone, V.; Fair, H.; Fairhurst, S.; Fan, X.; Farah, A. M.; Farinon, S.; Farr, B.; Farr, W. M.; Fauchon-Jones, E. J.; Favata, M.; Fays, M.; Fazio, M.; Feicht, J.; Fejer, M. M.; Feng, F.; Fenyvesi, E.; Ferguson, D. L.; Fernandez-Galiana, A.; Ferrante, I.; Ferreira, T. A.; Fidecaro, F.; Figura, P.; Fiori, I.; Fiorucci, D.; Fishbach, M.; Fisher, R. P.; Fishner, J. M.; Fittipaldi, R.; Fitz-Axen, M.; Fiumara, V.; Flaminio, R.; Floden, E.; Flynn, E.; Fong, H.; Font, J. A.; Forsyth, P. W. F.; Fournier, J.-D.; Frasca, S.; Frasconi, F.; Frei, Z.; Freise, A.; Frey, R.; Frey, V.; Fritschel, P.; Frolov, V. V.; Fronzé, G. G.; Fulda, P.; Fyffe, M.; Gabbard, H. A.; Gadre, B. U.; Gaebel, S. M.; Gair, J. R.; Gais, J.; Galaudage, S.; Gamba, R.; Ganapathy, D.; Ganguly, A.; Gaonkar, S. G.; Garaventa, B.; García-Quirós, C.; Garufi, F.; Gateley, B.; Gaudio, S.; Gayathri, V.; Gemme, G.; Gennai, A.; George, D.; George, J.; George, R. N.; Gergely, L.; Ghonge, S.; Ghosh, Abhirup; Ghosh, Archisman; Ghosh, S.; Giacomazzo, B.; Giacoppo, L.; Giaime, J. A.; Giardina, K. D.; Gibson, D. R.; Gier, C.; Gill, K.; Giri, P.; Glanzer, J.; Gleckl, A. E.; Godwin, P.; Goetz, E.; Goetz, R.; Gohlke, N.; Goncharov, B.; González, G.; Gopakumar, A.; Gossan, S. E.; Gosselin, M.; Gouaty, R.; Grace, B.; Grado, A.; Granata, M.; Granata, V.; Grant, A.; Gras, S.; Grassia, P.; Gray, C.; Gray, R.; Greco, G.; Green, A. C.; Green, R.; Gretarsson, E. M.; Griggs, H. L.; Grignani, G.; Grimaldi, A.; Grimes, E.; Grimm, S. J.; Grote, H.; Grunewald, S.; Gruning, P.; Guerrero, J. G.; Guidi, G. M.; Guimaraes, A. R.; Guixé, G.; Gulati, H. K.; Guo, Y.; Gupta, Anchal; Gupta, Anuradha; Gupta, P.; Gustafson, E. K.; Gustafson, R.; Guzman, F.; Haegel, L.; Halim, O.; Hall, E. D.; Hamilton, E. Z.; Hammond, G.; Haney, M.; Hanke, M. M.; Hanks, J.; Hanna, C.; Hannam, M. D.; Hannuksela, O. A.; Hannuksela, O.; Hansen, H.; Hansen, T. J.; Hanson, J.; Harder, T.; Hardwick, T.; Haris, K.; Harms, J.; Harry, G. M.; Harry, I. W.; Hartwig, D.; Hasskew, R. K.; Haster, C.-J.; Haughian, K.; Hayes, F. J.; Healy, J.; Heidmann, A.; Heintze, M. C.; Heinze, J.; Heinzel, J.; Heitmann, H.; Hellman, F.; Hello, P.; Helmling-Cornell, A. F.; Hemming, G.; Hendry, M.; Heng, I. S.; Hennes, E.; Hennig, J.; Hennig, M. H.; Hernandez Vivanco, F.; Heurs, M.; Hild, S.; Hill, P.; Hines, A. S.; Hochheim, S.; Hofgard, E.; Hofman, D.; Hohmann, J. N.; Holgado, A. M.; Holland, N. A.; Hollows, I. J.; Holmes, Z. J.; Holt, K.; Holz, D. E.; Hopkins, P.; Horst, C.; Hough, J.; Howell, E. J.; Hoy, C. G.; Hoyland, D.; Huang, Y.; Hübner, M. T.; Huddart, A. D.; Huerta, E. A.; Hughey, B.; Hui, V.; Husa, S.; Huttner, S. H.; Hutzler, B. M.; Huxford, R.; Huynh-Dinh, T.; Idzkowski, B.; Iess, A.; Imperato, S.; Inchauspe, H.; Ingram, C.; Intini, G.; Isi, M.; Iyer, B. R.; JaberianHamedan, V.; Jacqmin, T.; Jadhav, S. J.; Jadhav, S. P.; James, A. L.; Jani, K.; Janssens, K.; Janthalur, N. N.; Jaranowski, P.; Jariwala, D.; Jaume, R.; Jenkins, A. C.; Jeunon, M.; Jiang, J.; Johns, G. R.; Johnson-McDaniel, N. K.; Jones, A. W.; Jones, D. I.; Jones, J. D.; Jones, P.; Jones, R.; Jonker, R. J. G.; Ju, L.; Junker, J.; Kalaghatgi, C. V.; Kalogera, V.; Kamai, B.; Kandhasamy, S.; Kang, G.; Kanner, J. B.; Kapadia, S. J.; Kapasi, D. P.; Karathanasis, C.; Karki, S.; Kashyap, R.; Kasprzack, M.; Kastaun, W.; Katsanevas, S.; Katsavounidis, E.; Katzman, W.; Kawabe, K.; Kéfélian, F.; Keitel, D.; Key, J. S.; Khadka, S.; Khalili, F. Y.; Khan, I.; Khan, S.; Khazanov, E. A.; Khetan, N.; Khursheed, M.; Kijbunchoo, N.; Kim, C.; Kim, G. J.; Kim, J. C.; Kim, K.; Kim, W. S.; Kim, Y.-M.; Kimball, C.; King, P. J.; Kinley-Hanlon, M.; Kirchhoff, R.; Kissel, J. S.; Kleybolte, L.; Klimenko, S.; Knowles, T. D.; Knyazev, E.; Koch, P.; Koehlenbeck, S. M.; Koekoek, G.; Koley, S.; Kolstein, M.; Komori, K.; Kondrashov, V.; Kontos, A.; Koper, N.; Korobko, M.; Korth, W. Z.; Kovalam, M.; Kozak, D. B.; Kramer, C.; Kringel, V.; Krishnendu, N. V.; Królak, A.; Kuehn, G.; Kumar, A.; Kumar, P.; Kumar, Rahul; Kumar, Rakesh; Kuns, K.; Kwang, S.; Lackey, B. D.; Laghi, D.; Lalande, E.; Lam, T. L.; Lamberts, A.; Landry, M.; Lane, B. B.; Lang, R. N.; Lange, J.; Lantz, B.; Lanza, R. K.; La Rosa, I.; Lartaux-Vollard, A.; Lasky, P. D.; Laxen, M.; Lazzarini, A.; Lazzaro, C.; Leaci, P.; Leavey, S.; Lecoeuche, Y. K.; Lee, H. M.; Lee, H. W.; Lee, J.; Lee, K.; Lehmann, J.; Leon, E.; Leroy, N.; Letendre, N.; Levin, Y.; Li, A.; Li, J.; Li, K. J. L.; Li, T. G. F.; Li, X.; Linde, F.; Linker, S. D.; Linley, J. N.; Littenberg, T. B.; Liu, J.; Liu, X.; Llorens-Monteagudo, M.; Lo, R. K. L.; Lockwood, A.; London, L. T.; Longobardo, A.; Lorenzini, M.; Loriette, V.; Lormand, M.; Losurdo, G.; Lough, J. D.; Lousto, C. O.; Lovelace, G.; Lück, H.; Lumaca, D.; Lundgren, A. P.; Ma, Y.; Macas, R.; MacInnis, M.; Macleod, D. M.; MacMillan, I. A. O.; Macquet, A.; Magaña Hernandez, I.; Magaña-Sandoval, F.; Magazzù, C.; Magee, R. M.; Majorana, E.; Maksimovic, I.; Maliakal, S.; Malik, A.; Mangold, N.; Mandic, V.; Mangano, V.; Mansell, G. L.; Manske, M.; Mantovani, M.; Mapelli, M.; Marchesoni, F.; Marion, F.; Márka, S.; Márka, Z.; Markakis, C.; Markosyan, A. S.; Markowitz, A.; Maros, E.; Marquina, A.; Marsat, S.; Martelli, F.; Martin, I. W.; Martin, R. M.; Martínez, M.; Martinez, V.; Martynov, D. V.; Masalehdan, H.; Mason, K.; Massera, E.; Masserot, A.; Massinger, T. J.; Masso-Reid, M.; Mastrogiovanni, S.; Matas, A.; Mateu-Lucena, M.; Matichard, F.; Matiushechkina, M.; Mavalvala, N.; Maynard, E.; McCann, J. J.; McCarthy, R.; McClelland, D. E.; McCormick, S.; McCuller, L.; McGuire, S. C.; McIsaac, C.; McIver, J.; McManus, D. J.; McRae, T.; McWilliams, S. T.; Meacher, D.; Meadors, G. D.; Mehmet, M.; Mehta, A. K.; Melatos, A.; Melchor, D. A.; Mendell, G.; Menendez-Vazquez, A.; Mercer, R. A.; Mereni, L.; Merfeld, K.; Merilh, E. L.; Merritt, J. D.; Merzougui, M.; Meshkov, S.; Messenger, C.; Messick, C.; Metzdorff, R.; Meyers, P. M.; Meylahn, F.; Mhaske, A.; Miani, A.; Miao, H.; Michaloliakos, I.; Michel, C.; Middleton, H.; Milano, L.; Miller, A. L.; Millhouse, M.; Mills, J. C.; Milotti, E.; Milovich-Goff, M. C.; Minazzoli, O.; Minenkov, Y.; Mir, Ll. M.; Mishkin, A.; Mishra, C.; Mistry, T.; Mitra, S.; Mitrofanov, V. P.; Mitselmakher, G.; Mittleman, R.; Mo, G.; Mogushi, K.; Mohapatra, S. R. P.; Mohite, S. R.; Molina, I.; Molina-Ruiz, M.; Mondin, M.; Montani, M.; Moore, C. J.; Moraru, D.; Morawski, F.; Moreno, G.; Morisaki, S.; Mours, B.; Mow-Lowry, C. M.; Mozzon, S.; Muciaccia, F.; Mukherjee, Arunava; Mukherjee, D.; Mukherjee, Soma; Mukherjee, Subroto; Mukund, N.; Mullavey, A.; Munch, J.; Muñiz, E. A.; Murray, P. G.; Nadji, S. L.; Nagar, A.; Nardecchia, I.; Naticchioni, L.; Nayak, R. K.; Neil, B. F.; Neilson, J.; Nelemans, G.; Nelson, T. J. N.; Nery, M.; Neunzert, A.; Ng, K. Y.; Ng, S.; Nguyen, C.; Nguyen, P.; Nguyen, T.; Nicholson, S. A.; Nissanke, S.; Nocera, F.; Noh, M.; North, C.; Nothard, D.; Nuttall, L. K.; Oberling, J.; O'Brien, B. D.; O'Dell, J.; Oganesyan, G.; Ogin, G. H.; Oh, J. J.; Oh, S. H.; Ohme, F.; Ohta, H.; Okada, M. A.; Olivetto, C.; Oppermann, P.; Oram, R. J.; O'Reilly, B.; Ormiston, R. G.; Ormsby, N.; Ortega, L. F.; O'Shaughnessy, R.; Ossokine, S.; Osthelder, C.; Ottaway, D. J.; Overmier, H.; Owen, B. J.; Pace, A. E.; Pagano, G.; Page, M. A.; Pagliaroli, G.; Pai, A.; Pai, S. A.; Palamos, J. R.; Palashov, O.; Palomba, C.; Pan, H.; Panda, P. K.; Pang, T. H.; Pankow, C.; Pannarale, F.; Pant, B. C.; Paoletti, F.; Paoli, A.; Paolone, A.; Parker, W.; Pascucci, D.; Pasqualetti, A.; Passaquieti, R.; Passuello, D.; Patel, M.; Patricelli, B.; Payne, E.; Pechsiri, T. C.; Pedraza, M.; Pegoraro, M.; Pele, A.; Penn, S.; Perego, A.; Perez, C. J.; Périgois, C.; Perreca, A.; Perriès, S.; Petermann, J.; Petterson, D.; Pfeiffer, H. P.; Pham, K. A.; Phukon, K. S.; Piccinni, O. J.; Pichot, M.; Piendibene, M.; Piergiovanni, F.; Pierini, L.; Pierro, V.; Pillant, G.; Pilo, F.; Pinard, L.; Pinto, I. M.; Piotrzkowski, K.; Pirello, M.; Pitkin, M.; Placidi, E.; Plastino, W.; Pluchar, C.; Poggiani, R.; Polini, E.; Pong, D. Y. T.; Ponrathnam, S.; Popolizio, P.; Porter, E. K.; Poverman, A.; Powell, J.; Pracchia, M.; Prajapati, A. K.; Prasai, K.; Prasanna, R.; Pratten, G.; Prestegard, T.; Principe, M.; Prodi, G. A.; Prokhorov, L.; Prosposito, P.; Puecher, A.; Punturo, M.; Puosi, F.; Puppo, P.; Pürrer, M.; Qi, H.; Quetschke, V.; Quinonez, P. J.; Quitzow-James, R.; Raab, F. J.; Raaijmakers, G.; Radkins, H.; Radulesco, N.; Raffai, P.; Rafferty, H.; Rail, S. X.; Raja, S.; Rajan, C.; Rajbhandari, B.; Rakhmanov, M.; Ramirez, K. E.; Ramirez, T. D.; Ramos-Buades, A.; Rana, J.; Rao, K.; Rapagnani, P.; Rapol, U. D.; Ratto, B.; Raymond, V.; Razzano, M.; Read, J.; Regimbau, T.; Rei, L.; Reid, S.; Reitze, D. H.; Rettegno, P.; Ricci, F.; Richardson, C. J.; Richardson, J. W.; Richardson, L.; Ricker, P. M.; Riemenschneider, G.; Riles, K.; Rizzo, M.; Robertson, N. A.; Robinet, F.; Rocchi, A.; Rocha, J. A.; Rodriguez, S.; Rodriguez-Soto, R. D.; Rolland, L.; Rollins, J. G.; Roma, V. J.; Romanelli, M.; Romano, R.; Romel, C. L.; Romero, A.; Romero-Shaw, I. M.; Romie, J. H.; Ronchini, S.; Rose, C. A.; Rose, D.; Rose, K.; Rosińska, D.; Rosofsky, S. G.; Ross, M. P.; Rowan, S.; Rowlinson, S. J.; Roy, Santosh; Roy, Soumen; Ruggi, P.; Ryan, K.; Sachdev, S.; Sadecki, T.; Sakellariadou, M.; Salafia, O. S.; Salconi, L.; Saleem, M.; Samajdar, A.; Sanchez, E. J.; Sanchez, J. H.; Sanchez, L. E.; Sanchis-Gual, N.; Sanders, J. R.; Santiago, K. A.; Santos, E.; Saravanan, T. R.; Sarin, N.; Sassolas, B.; Sathyaprakash, B. S.; Sauter, O.; Savage, R. L.; Savant, V.; Sawant, D.; Sayah, S.; Schaetzl, D.; Schale, P.; Scheel, M.; Scheuer, J.; Schindler-Tyka, A.; Schmidt, P.; Schnabel, R.; Schofield, R. M. S.; Schönbeck, A.; Schreiber, E.; Schulte, B. W.; Schutz, B. F.; Schwarm, O.; Schwartz, E.; Scott, J.; Scott, S. M.; Seglar-Arroyo, M.; Seidel, E.; Sellers, D.; Sengupta, A. S.; Sennett, N.; Sentenac, D.; Sequino, V.; Sergeev, A.; Setyawati, Y.; Shaffer, T.; Shahriar, M. S.; Sharifi, S.; Sharma, A.; Sharma, P.; Shawhan, P.; Shen, H.; Shikauchi, M.; Shink, R.; Shoemaker, D. H.; Shoemaker, D. M.; Shukla, K.; ShyamSundar, S.; Sieniawska, M.; Sigg, D.; Singer, L. P.; Singh, D.; Singh, N.; Singha, A.; Singhal, A.; Sintes, A. M.; Sipala, V.; Skliris, V.; Slagmolen, B. J. J.; Slaven-Blair, T. J.; Smetana, J.; Smith, J. R.; Smith, R. J. E.; Somala, S. N.; Son, E. J.; Soni, S.; Sorazu, B.; Sordini, V.; Sorrentino, F.; Sorrentino, N.; Soulard, R.; Souradeep, T.; Sowell, E.; Spencer, A. P.; Spera, M.; Srivastava, A. K.; Srivastava, V.; Staats, K.; Stachie, C.; Steer, D. A.; Steinhoff, J.; Steinke, M.; Steinlechner, J.; Steinlechner, S.; Steinmeyer, D.; Stolle-McAllister, G.; Stops, D. J.; Stöver, M.; Strain, K. A.; Stratta, G.; Strunk, A.; Sturani, R.; Stuver, A. L.; Südbeck, J.; Sudhagar, S.; Sudhir, V.; Suh, H. G.; Summerscales, T. Z.; Sun, H.; Sun, L.; Sunil, S.; Sur, A.; Suresh, J.; Sutton, P. J.; Swinkels, B. L.; Szczepańczyk, M. J.; Tacca, M.; Tait, S. C.; Talbot, C.; Tanasijczuk, A. J.; Tanner, D. B.; Tao, D.; Tapia, A.; Tapia San Martin, E. N.; Tasson, J. D.; Taylor, R.; Tenorio, R.; Terkowski, L.; Thirugnanasambandam, M. P.; Thomas, L.; Thomas, M.; Thomas, P.; Thompson, J. E.; Thondapu, S. R.; Thorne, K. A.; Thrane, E.; Tiwari, Shubhanshu; Tiwari, Srishti; Tiwari, V.; Toland, K.; Tolley, A. E.; Tonelli, M.; Tornasi, Z.; Torres-Forné, A.; Torrie, C. I.; Tosta e Melo, I.; Töyrä, D.; Tran, A. T.; Trapananti, A.; Travasso, F.; Traylor, G.; Tringali, M. C.; Tripathee, A.; Trovato, A.; Trudeau, R. J.; Tsai, D. S.; Tsang, K. W.; Tse, M.; Tso, R.; Tsukada, L.; Tsuna, D.; Tsutsui, T.; Turconi, M.; Ubhi, A. S.; Udall, R. P.; Ueno, K.; Ugolini, D.; Unnikrishnan, C. S.; Urban, A. L.; Usman, S. A.; Utina, A. C.; Vahlbruch, H.; Vajente, G.; Vajpeyi, A.; Valdes, G.; Valentini, M.; Valsan, V.; van Bakel, N.; van Beuzekom, M.; van den Brand, J. F. J.; Van Den Broeck, C.; Vander-Hyde, D. C.; van der Schaaf, L.; van Heijningen, J. V.; Vardaro, M.; Vargas, A. F.; Varma, V.; Vass, S.; Vasúth, M.; Vecchio, A.; Vedovato, G.; Veitch, J.; Veitch, P. J.; Venkateswara, K.; Venneberg, J.; Venugopalan, G.; Verkindt, D.; Verma, Y.; Veske, D.; Vetrano, F.; Viceré, A.; Viets, A. D.; Vijaykumar, A.; Villa-Ortega, V.; Vinet, J. -Y.; Vitale, S.; Vo, T.; Vocca, H.; Vorvick, C.; Vyatchanin, S. P.; Wade, A. R.; Wade, L. E.; Wade, M.; Wald, R. M.; Walet, R. C.; Walker, M.; Wallace, G. S.; Wallace, L.; Walsh, S.; Wang, J. Z.; Wang, S.; Wang, W. H.; Wang, Y. F.; Ward, R. L.; Warner, J.; Was, M.; Washington, N. Y.; Watchi, J.; Weaver, B.; Weiss, L.; Weinert, M.; Weinstein, A. J.; Weiss, R.; Wellmann, F.; Wen, L.; Weßels, P.; Westhouse, J. W.; Wette, K.; Whelan, J. T.; White, D. D.; White, L. V.; Whiting, B. F.; Whittle, C.; Wilken, D. M.; Williams, D.; Williams, M. J.; Williamson, A. R.; Willis, J. L.; Willke, B.; Wilson, D. J.; Wimmer, M. H.; Winkler, W.; Wipf, C. C.; Woan, G.; Woehler, J.; Wofford, J. K.; Wong, I. C. F.; Wrangel, J.; Wright, J. L.; Wu, D. S.; Wysocki, D. M.; Xiao, L.; Yamamoto, H.; Yang, L.; Yang, Y.; Yang, Z.; Yap, M. 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doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.103.122002

Published June 15, 2021 | Version Submitted + Published

Journal Article Open

Tests of general relativity with binary black holes from the second LIGO-Virgo gravitational-wave transient catalog

1. California Institute of Technology
2. Louisiana State University
3. Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics
4. University of Salerno
5. Monash University
6. Christopher Newport University
7. Australian National University
8. Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics
9. Leibniz University Hannover
10. University of Cambridge
11. Friedrich Schiller University Jena
12. University of Birmingham
13. Northwestern University
14. National Institute for Space Research
15. Gran Sasso National Laboratory
16. National Institute for Nuclear Physics
17. University of Pisa
18. Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
19. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
20. University of Lyon System
21. University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
22. University of Strathclyde
23. University of Udine
24. Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University
25. University of Paris
26. California State University, Fullerton
27. University of Paris-Saclay
28. University of Florida
29. Chennai Mathematical Institute
30. Columbia University
31. Université Savoie Mont Blanc
32. Montclair State University
33. National Institute for Subatomic Physics
34. Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information
35. INFN Sezione di Torino
36. University of Oregon
37. European Gravitational Observatory
38. Syracuse University
39. University of Liège
40. University of Minnesota System
41. University of Milano-Bicocca
42. University of Barcelona
43. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
44. University of Glasgow
45. Wigner Research Centre for Physics
46. Stanford University
47. University of Perugia
48. University of Padua
49. Bard College
50. Montana State University System
51. Institute for Plasma Research
52. Polish Academy of Sciences
53. University of Adelaide
54. California State University System
55. Missouri University of Science and Technology
56. Lomonosov Moscow State University
57. University of the West of Scotland
58. Bar-Ilan University
59. University of Urbino
60. Université Côte d'Azur
61. University of Western Australia
62. Institute for High Energy Physics
63. University of Zurich
64. Sapienza University of Rome
65. University of Rennes 1
66. Pennsylvania State University
67. Sorbonne University
68. Université Catholique de Louvain
69. University of Warsaw
70. VU Amsterdam
71. University System of Maryland
72. Georgia Institute of Technology
73. Villanova University
74. University of Naples Federico II
75. Goddard Space Flight Center
76. University of Genoa
77. University of Tokyo
78. Tsinghua University
79. University of Sassari
80. Laboratori Nazionali del Sud
81. Cardiff University
82. University of Valencia
83. Chinese University of Hong Kong
84. National Tsing Hua University
85. Charles Sturt University
86. University of Chicago
87. Seoul National University
88. Pusan National University
89. University of London
90. University of Arizona
91. Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
92. University of Melbourne
93. University of the Balearic Islands
94. Université Libre de Bruxelles
95. Texas Tech University System
96. University of Rhode Island
97. The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
98. Bellevue College
99. Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa
100. Eötvös Loránd University
101. Maastricht University
102. Universität Hamburg
103. University of Santiago de Compostela
104. University of Sheffield
105. Rochester Institute of Technology
106. University of Parma
107. University of Trento
108. University of Portsmouth
109. West Virginia University
110. Stony Brook University
111. Colorado State University System
112. University of Basilicata
113. National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
114. The University of Texas System
115. University of Szeged
116. University of Amsterdam
117. Delta Institute for Theoretical Physics
118. Leiden University
119. University of British Columbia
120. Utrecht University
121. University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
122. American University
123. Carleton College
124. University of California System
125. University of Antwerp
126. University of Białystok
127. University of Southampton
128. University of Washington
129. Institute of Applied Physics
130. Ewha Womans University
131. Inje University
132. Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
133. National Institute for Mathematical Sciences
134. Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
135. Cornell University
136. University of Montreal
137. Marshall Space Flight Center
138. Roma Tre University
139. ESPCI Paris
140. University of Camerino
141. University of Trieste
142. Scientific Centre of Monaco
143. Hubert Curien Multi-disciplinary Institute
144. Enrico Fermi Center for Study and Research
145. Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques
146. Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune
147. Radboud University Nijmegen
148. Kenyon College
149. Whitman College
150. Hobart and William Smith Colleges
151. Lancaster University
152. Swinburne University of Technology
153. Trinity University
154. University of Turin
155. University of Lisbon
156. Marquette University
157. Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte
158. Andrews University
159. University of Groningen
160. Concordia University Wisconsin

Gravitational waves enable tests of general relativity in the highly dynamical and strong-field regime. Using events detected by LIGO-Virgo up to 1 October 2019, we evaluate the consistency of the data with predictions from the theory. We first establish that residuals from the best-fit waveform are consistent with detector noise, and that the low- and high-frequency parts of the signals are in agreement. We then consider parametrized modifications to the waveform by varying post-Newtonian and phenomenological coefficients, improving past constraints by factors of ∼2; we also find consistency with Kerr black holes when we specifically target signatures of the spin-induced quadrupole moment. Looking for gravitational-wave dispersion, we tighten constraints on Lorentz-violating coefficients by a factor of ∼2.6 and bound the mass of the graviton to m_g ≤ 1.76×10⁻²³ eV/c² with 90% credibility. We also analyze the properties of the merger remnants by measuring ringdown frequencies and damping times, constraining fractional deviations away from the Kerr frequency to δf₂₂₀ = 0.03^(+0.38)_(−0.35) for the fundamental quadrupolar mode, and δf₂₂₁ = 0.04^(+0.27)_(−0.32) for the first overtone; additionally, we find no evidence for postmerger echoes. Finally, we determine that our data are consistent with tensorial polarizations through a template-independent method. When possible, we assess the validity of general relativity based on collections of events analyzed jointly. We find no evidence for new physics beyond general relativity, for black hole mimickers, or for any unaccounted systematics.

Additional Information

© 2021 American Physical Society. Received 27 October 2020; accepted 24 December 2020; published 15 June 2021. Analyses in this paper made use of numpy [271], scipy [272], astropy [273,274], ipython [275], qnm [276], pesummary [277], and gwpy [278]; plots were produced with matplotlib [279], and seaborn [280]. Posteriors were sampled with stan [128], cpnest [281], pymultinest [282,283], and lalinference [116]. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the United States National Science Foundation (NSF) for the construction and operation of the LIGO Laboratory and Advanced LIGO as well as the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) of the United Kingdom, the Max-Planck-Society (MPS), and the State of Niedersachsen/Germany for support of the construction of Advanced LIGO and construction and operation of the GEO600 detector. Additional support for Advanced LIGO was provided by the Australian Research Council. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, for the construction and operation of the Virgo detector and the creation and support of the EGO consortium. The authors also gratefully acknowledge research support from these agencies as well as by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research of India, the Department of Science and Technology, India, the Science & Engineering Research Board (SERB), India, the Ministry of Human Resource Development, India, the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación, the Vicepresidència i Conselleria d'Innovació, Recerca i Turisme and the Conselleria d'Educació i Universitat del Govern de les Illes Balears, the Conselleria d'Innovació, Universitats, Ciència i Societat Digital de la Generalitat Valenciana and the CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain, the National Science Centre of Poland and the Foundation for Polish Science (FNP), the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, the Russian Science Foundation, the European Commission, the European Regional Development Funds (ERDF), the Royal Society, the Scottish Funding Council, the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA), the French Lyon Institute of Origins (LIO), the Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FRS-FNRS), Actions de Recherche Concertées (ARC) and Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek—Vlaanderen (FWO), Belgium, the Paris Île-de-France Region, the National Research, Development and Innovation Office Hungary (NKFIH), the National Research Foundation of Korea, the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council Canada, Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI), the Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovations, and Communications, the International Center for Theoretical Physics South American Institute for Fundamental Research (ICTP-SAIFR), the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), the Leverhulme Trust, the Research Corporation, the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Taiwan and the Kavli Foundation. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the NSF, STFC, INFN, and CNRS for provision of computational resources.

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Eprint ID: 107585
Resolver ID: CaltechAUTHORS:20210120-082604317

Describes: https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.14529 (URL)

NSF
Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
Max-Planck-Society (MPS)
State of Niedersachsen/Germany
Australian Research Council
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO)
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (India)
Department of Science and Technology (India)
Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB)
Ministry of Human Resource Development (India)
Agencia Estatal de Investigación
Vicepresidència i Conselleria d'Innovació, Recerca i Turisme
Conselleria d'Educació i Universitat del Govern de les Illes Balears
Conselleria d'Innovació, Universitats, Ciència i Societat Digital de la Generalitat Valenciana
Generalitat de Catalunya
National Science Centre (Poland)
Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)
Russian Foundation for Basic Research
Russian Science Foundation
European Commission
European Regional Development Funds (ERDF)
Royal Society
Scottish Funding Council
Scottish Universities Physics Alliance
Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA)
Lyon Institute of Origins (LIO)
Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS)
Actions de Recherche Concertées
Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO)
Paris Île-de-France Region
National Research, Development and Innovation Fund (NKFIA)
National Research Foundation of Korea
Industry Canada
Ontario Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR)
Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação e Comunicação (MCTIC)
International Center for Theoretical Physics South American Institute for Fundamental Research (ICTP-SAIFR)
Research Grants Council of Hong Kong
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Leverhulme Trust
Research Corporation
Ministry of Science and Technology (Taipei)
Kavli Foundation

Created: 2021-01-22

Created from EPrint's datestamp field
Updated: 2023-04-28

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Caltech groups: LIGO , Physics Department , Physics Department
Other Numbering System Name: LIGO Document
Other Numbering System Identifier: P2000091

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Tests of general relativity with binary black holes from the second LIGO-Virgo gravitational-wave transient catalog

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Tests of general relativity with binary black holes from the second LIGO-Virgo gravitational-wave transient catalog

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