Point Absorber Limits to Future Gravitational-Wave Detectors

Jia, Wenxuan; Yamamoto, Hiroaki; Kuns, Kevin; Effler, Anamaria; Evans, Matthew; Fritschel, Peter; Abbott, R.; Adams, C.; Adhikari, R. X.; Ananyeva, A.; Appert, S.; Arai, K.; Areeda, J. S.; Asali, Y.; Aston, S. M.; Austin, C.; Baer, A. M.; Ball, M.; Ballmer, S. W.; Banagiri, S.; Barker, D.; Barsotti, L.; Bartlett, J.; Berger, B. K.; Betzwieser, J.; Bhattacharjee, D.; Billingsley, G.; Biscans, S.; Blair, C. D.; Blair, R. M.; Bode, N.; Booker, P.; Bork, R.; Bramley, A.; Brooks, A. F.; Brown, D. D.; Buikema, A.; Cahillane, C.; Cannon, K. C.; Chen, X.; Ciobanu, A. A.; Clara, F.; Compton, C. M.; Cooper, S. J.; Corley, K. R.; Countryman, S. T.; Covas, P. B.; Coyne, D. C.; Datrier, L. E. H.; Davis, D.; Di Fronzo, C.; Dooley, K. L.; Driggers, J. C.; Dupej, P.; Dwyer, S. E.; Etzel, T.; Evans, T. M.; Feicht, J.; Fernandez-Galiana, A.; Frolov, V. V.; Fulda, P.; Fyffe, M.; Giaime, J. A.; Giardina, K. D.; Godwin, P.; Goetz, E.; Gras, S.; Gray, C.; Gray, R.; Green, A. C.; Gustafson, E. K.; Gustafson, R.; Hall, E. D.; Hanks, J.; Hanson, J.; Hardwick, T.; Hasskew, R. K.; Heintze, M. C.; Helmling-Cornell, A. F.; Holland, N. A.; Jones, J. D.; Kandhasamy, S.; Karki, S.; Kasprzack, M.; Kawabe, K.; Kijbunchoo, N.; King, P. J.; Kissel, J. S.; Kumar, Rahul; Landry, M.; Lane, B. B.; Lantz, B.; Laxen, M.; Lecoeuche, Y. K.; Leviton, J.; Liu, J.; Lormand, M.; Lundgren, A. P.; Macas, R.; MacInnis, M.; Macleod, D. M.; Mansell, G. L.; Márka, S.; Márka, Z.; Martynov, D. V.; Mason, K.; Massinger, T. J.; Matichard, F.; Mavalvala, N.; McCarthy, R.; McClelland, D. E.; McCormick, S.; McCuller, L.; McIver, J.; McRae, T.; Mendell, G.; Merfeld, K.; Merilh, E. L.; Meylahn, F.; Mistry, T.; Mittleman, R.; Moreno, G.; Mow-Lowry, C. M.; Mozzon, S.; Mullavey, A.; Nelson, T. J. N.; Nguyen, P.; Nuttall, L. K.; Oberling, J.; Oram, Richard J.; Osthelder, C.; Ottaway, D. J.; Overmier, H.; Palamos, J. R.; Parker, W.; Payne, E.; Pele, A.; Penhorwood, R.; Perez, C. J.; Pirello, M.; Radkins, H.; Ramirez, K. E.; Richardson, J. W.; Riles, K.; Robertson, N. A.; Rollins, J. G.; Romel, C. L.; Romie, J. H.; Ross, M. P.; Ryan, K.; Sadecki, T.; Sanchez, E. J.; Sanchez, L. E.; Saravanan, T. R.; Savage, R. L.; Schaetzl, D.; Schnabel, R.; Schofield, R. M. S.; Schwartz, E.; Sellers, D.; Shaffer, T.; Sigg, D.; Slagmolen, B. J. J.; Smith, J. R.; Soni, S.; Sorazu, B.; Spencer, A. P.; Strain, K. A.; Sun, L.; Szczepańczyk, M. J.; Thomas, M.; Thomas, P.; Thorne, K. A.; Toland, K.; Torrie, C. I.; Traylor, G.; Tse, M.; Urban, A. L.; Vajente, G.; Valdes, G.; Vander-Hyde, D. C.; Veitch, P. J.; Venkateswara, K.; Venugopalan, G.; Viets, A. D.; Vo, T.; Vorvick, C.; Wade, M.; Ward, R. L.; Warner, J.; Weaver, B.; Weiss, R.; Whittle, C.; Willke, B.; Wipf, C. C.; Xiao, L.; Yu, Hang; Yu, Haocun; Zhang, L.; Zucker, M. E.; Zweizig, J.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.127.241102

Published December 10, 2021 | Version Accepted Version + Supplemental Material + Published

Journal Article Open

Point Absorber Limits to Future Gravitational-Wave Detectors

1. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2. Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory
3. California State University, Fullerton
4. Columbia University
5. Louisiana State University
6. Christopher Newport University
7. University of Oregon
8. Syracuse University
9. University of Minnesota
10. Stanford University
11. Missouri University of Science and Technology
12. Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics
13. Leibniz University Hannover
14. University of Tokyo
15. University of Western Australia
16. University of Birmingham
17. University of the Balearic Islands
18. University of Glasgow
19. Cardiff University
20. University of Mississippi
21. University of Florida
22. Pennsylvania State University
23. University of British Columbia
24. University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
25. Australian National University
26. Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics
27. University of Portsmouth
28. University of Sheffield
29. Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
30. Monash University
31. The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
32. University of Washington
33. Universität Hamburg
34. Concordia University Wisconsin
35. Kenyon College

High-quality optical resonant cavities require low optical loss, typically on the scale of parts per million. However, unintended micron-scale contaminants on the resonator mirrors that absorb the light circulating in the cavity can deform the surface thermoelastically and thus increase losses by scattering light out of the resonant mode. The point absorber effect is a limiting factor in some high-power cavity experiments, for example, the Advanced LIGO gravitational-wave detector. In this Letter, we present a general approach to the point absorber effect from first principles and simulate its contribution to the increased scattering. The achievable circulating power in current and future gravitational-wave detectors is calculated statistically given different point absorber configurations. Our formulation is further confirmed experimentally in comparison with the scattered power in the arm cavity of Advanced LIGO measured by in situ photodiodes. The understanding presented here provides an important tool in the global effort to design future gravitational-wave detectors that support high optical power and thus reduce quantum noise.

Additional Information

© 2021 American Physical Society. Received 22 September 2021; accepted 27 October 2021; published 7 December 2021. The author acknowledges the support of MathWorks Science Fellowship and Sloan Foundation, and thanks The MathWorks, Inc. for its generous computing support. Advanced LIGO was constructed by the California Institute of Technology and Massachusetts Institute of Technology with funding from the NSF and operates under Cooperative Agreement No. PHY-1764464. Advanced LIGO was built under Grant No. PHY-0823459.

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Accepted Version - 2109.08743.pdf

Supplemental Material - point_absorber_sup.pdf

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Eprint ID: 112607
Resolver ID: CaltechAUTHORS:20211221-760371100

Describes: https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.08743 (URL)

MathWorks, Inc.
Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
NSF
PHY-1764464
NSF
PHY-0823459

Created: 2021-12-21

Created from EPrint's datestamp field
Updated: 2021-12-21

Created from EPrint's last_modified field

Caltech groups: LIGO , Physics Department

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Point Absorber Limits to Future Gravitational-Wave Detectors

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