Published January 2017
| Version Submitted + Published
Journal Article
Open
The CMS trigger system
Abstract
This paper describes the CMS trigger system and its performance during Run 1 of the LHC. The trigger system consists of two levels designed to select events of potential physics interest from a GHz (MHz) interaction rate of proton-proton (heavy ion) collisions. The first level of the trigger is implemented in hardware, and selects events containing detector signals consistent with an electron, photon, muon, τ lepton, jet, or missing transverse energy. A programmable menu of up to 128 object-based algorithms is used to select events for subsequent processing. The trigger thresholds are adjusted to the LHC instantaneous luminosity during data taking in order to restrict the output rate to 100 kHz, the upper limit imposed by the CMS readout electronics. The second level, implemented in software, further refines the purity of the output stream, selecting an average rate of 400 Hz for offline event storage. The objectives, strategy and performance of the trigger system during the LHC Run 1 are described.
Additional Information
© 2017 CERN 2017 for the benefit of the CMS collaboration, published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License by IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab srl. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation and DOI. Received: September 4, 2016; Accepted: January 7, 2017; Published: January 24, 2017. We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy and the Austrian Science Fund; the Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique, and Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; the Brazilian Funding Agencies (CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP); the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science; CERN; the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, and National Natural Science Foundation of China; the Colombian Funding Agency (COLCIENCIAS); the Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sport, and the Croatian Science Foundation; the Research Promotion Foundation, Cyprus; the Secretariat for Higher Education, Science, Technology and Innovation, Ecuador; the Ministry of Education and Research, Estonian Research Council via IUT23-4 and IUT23-6 and European Regional Development Fund, Estonia; the Academy of Finland, Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture, and Helsinki Institute of Physics; the Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules / CNRS, and Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives / CEA, France; the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren, Germany; the General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Greece; the National Scientific Research Foundation, and National Innovation Office, Hungary; the Department of Atomic Energy and the Department of Science and Technology, India; the Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics, Iran; the Science Foundation, Ireland; the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy; the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, and National Research Foundation (NRF), Republic of Korea; the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences; the Ministry of Education, and University of Malaya (Malaysia); the Mexican Funding Agencies (BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI); the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, New Zealand; the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission; the Ministry of Science and Higher Education and the National Science Centre, Poland; the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal; JINR, Dubna; the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the Federal Agency of Atomic Energy of the Russian Federation, Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research; the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Serbia; the Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación and Programa Consolider-Ingenio 2010, Spain; the Swiss Funding Agencies (ETH Board, ETH Zurich, PSI, SNF, UniZH, Canton Zurich, and SER); the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taipei; the Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, the Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology of Thailand, Special Task Force for Activating Research and the National Science and Technology Development Agency of Thailand; the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authority; the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, and State Fund for Fundamental Researches, Ukraine; the Science and Technology Facilities Council, U.K.; the US Department of Energy, and the US National Science Foundation. Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and EPLANET (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund, the Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the National Science Center (Poland), contracts Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2013/11/B/ST2/04202, 2014/13/B/ST2/02543 and 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406; the Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Programa Clarín-COFUND del Principado de Asturias; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); and the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845.Attached Files
Published - Khachatryan_2017_J._Inst._12_P01020.pdf
Submitted - 1609.02366.pdf
Files
1609.02366.pdf
Additional details
Identifiers
- Eprint ID
- 76485
- Resolver ID
- CaltechAUTHORS:20170410-145055748
Related works
- Describes
- https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.02366 (URL)
Funding
- Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft (BMWFW)
- FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds
- Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS)
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO)
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
- Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)
- Ministry of Education and Science (Bulgaria)
- CERN
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Ministry of Science and Technology (China)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (COLCIENCIAS)
- Ministry of Science, Education and Sport (Croatia)
- Croatian Science Foundation
- Research Promotion Foundation (Cyprus)
- Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENESCYT)
- Ministry of Education and Research (Estonia)
- Estonian Research Council
- IUT23-4
- Estonian Research Council
- IUT23-6
- European Regional Development Fund, Estonia
- Academy of Finland
- Ministry of Education and Culture (Finland)
- Helsinki Institute of Physics
- Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA)
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
- Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF)
- General Secretariat for Research and Technology (GSRT)
- National Scientific Research Foundation (Hungary)
- National Innovation Office (Hungary)
- Department of Atomic Energy (India)
- Department of Science and Technology (India)
- Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics (Iran)
- Science Foundation, Ireland
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)
- Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (Korea)
- National Research Foundation of Korea
- Lithuanian Academy of Sciences
- Ministry of Education (Malaysia)
- University of Malaya
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP)
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV)
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT)
- Laboratorio Nacional de Supercómputo (LNS)
- Secretaría de Educación Pública (SEP)
- Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí Inicio-Facultad de Ingeniería (UASLP-FAI)
- Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (New Zealand)
- Atomic Energy Commission (Pakistan)
- Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Poland)
- National Science Centre (Poland)
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR)
- Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
- Federal Agency of Atomic Energy of the Russian Federation
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Russian Foundation for Basic Research
- Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (Serbia)
- Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación
- Programa Consolider-Ingenio 2010, Spain
- ETH Board
- ETH Zurich
- Paul Scherrer Institut
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)
- Universität Zürich
- Canton Zurich
- State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (Switzerland)
- Ministry of Science and Technology (Taipei)
- Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics
- Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology (Thailand)
- Special Task Force for Activating Research (Thailand)
- National Science and Technology Development Agency (Thailand)
- Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK)
- Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu (TAEK)
- National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
- State Fund for Fundamental Researches (Ukraine)
- Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
- Department of Energy (DOE)
- NSF
- Marie Curie Fellowship
- European Research Council (ERC)
- EPLANET
- Leventis Foundation
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
- Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
- Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO)
- Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium)
- Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium)
- Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic
- Council of Science and Industrial Research (India)
- Foundation for Polish Science HOMING PLUS programme
- European Union, Regional Development Fund
- Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Poland)
- Harmonia programme
- 2014/14/M/ST2/00428
- OPUS programme
- 2013/11/B/ST2/04202
- OPUS programme
- 2014/13/B/ST2/02543
- OPUS programme
- 2014/15/B/ST2/03998
- Sonata-bis programme
- 2012/07/E/ST2/01406
- Thalis programme
- Aristeia programme
- European Union European Social Fund
- Greek National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF)
- Qatar National Research Fund National Priorities Research Program
- Programa Clarín-COFUND del Principado de Asturias
- Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship
- Chulalongkorn University
- Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand)
- Welch Foundation
- C-1845
Dates
- Created
-
2017-04-10Created from EPrint's datestamp field
- Updated
-
2021-11-15Created from EPrint's last_modified field
Caltech Custom Metadata
- Caltech groups
- CMS@Caltech , Physics Department