Published March 2023 | Version Published
Journal Article Open

ExoClock Project. III. 450 New Exoplanet Ephemerides from Ground and Space Observations

Creators

  • 1. ROR icon University College London
  • 2. ROR icon Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory
  • 3. ROR icon Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation
  • 4. ROR icon British Astronomical Association
  • 5. ROR icon Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
  • 6. ROR icon University of Ioannina
  • 7. ROR icon Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo
  • 8. ROR icon The Open University
  • 9. ROR icon University of Picardie Jules Verne
  • 10. ROR icon Lomonosov Moscow State University
  • 11. ROR icon Silesian University of Technology
  • 12. ROR icon University of Florence
  • 13. ROR icon Chianti Multifunctional Observatory
  • 14. ROR icon University of Palermo
  • 15. ROR icon American Association of Variable Star Observers
  • 16. ROR icon National Tsing Hua University
  • 17. ROR icon Leiden University
  • 18. ROR icon European Space Research and Technology Centre
  • 19. ROR icon University of Birmingham
  • 20. ROR icon Tartu Observatory
  • 21. ROR icon Obstech (Chile)
  • 22. ROR icon National University of La Plata
  • 23. ROR icon University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik
  • 24. ROR icon Pulkovo Observatory
  • 25. ROR icon Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur
  • 26. ROR icon Lagrange Laboratory
  • 27. ROR icon Taurus Hill Observatory
  • 28. ROR icon Royal Astronomical Society
  • 29. ROR icon Chungbuk National University
  • 30. ROR icon Science Centre AHHAA
  • 31. ROR icon Silesian University in Opava
  • 32. ROR icon Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam
  • 33. ROR icon University of Siena
  • 34. ROR icon Laboratory of Astrophysics of Bordeaux
  • 35. ROR icon Institute of Physics
  • 36. ROR icon Sapienza University of Rome
  • 37. ROR icon University of Lisbon
  • 38. ROR icon Wheaton College - Illinois
  • 39. ROR icon Bundesdeutsche Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Veränderliche Sterne
  • 40. ROR icon University of Vienna
  • 41. ROR icon TU Darmstadt
  • 42. ROR icon University of Saskatchewan
  • 43. ROR icon Çağ University
  • 44. ROR icon Cukurova University
  • 45. ROR icon California Institute of Technology

Abstract

The ExoClock project has been created to increase the efficiency of the Ariel mission. It will achieve this by continuously monitoring and updating the ephemerides of Ariel candidates, in order to produce a consistent catalog of reliable and precise ephemerides. This work presents a homogenous catalog of updated ephemerides for 450 planets, generated by the integration of ∼18,000 data points from multiple sources. These sources include observations from ground-based telescopes (the ExoClock network and the Exoplanet Transit Database), midtime values from the literature, and light curves from space telescopes (Kepler, K2, and TESS). With all the above, we manage to collect observations for half of the postdiscovery years (median), with data that have a median uncertainty less than 1 minute. In comparison with the literature, the ephemerides generated by the project are more precise and less biased. More than 40% of the initial literature ephemerides had to be updated to reach the goals of the project, as they were either of low precision or drifting. Moreover, the integrated approach of the project enables both the monitoring of the majority of the Ariel candidates (95%), and also the identification of missing data. These results highlight the need for continuous monitoring to increase the observing coverage of the candidate planets. Finally, the extended observing coverage of planets allows us to detect trends (transit-timing variations) for a sample of 19 planets. All the products, data, and codes used in this work are open and accessible to the wider scientific community.

Additional Information

© 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. All the data products and their descriptions can found through the OSF repository: 10.17605/OSF.IO/P298N. The ExoClock project has received funding from the UKSA/STFC grants ST/W00254X/1 and ST/W006960/1. This work has made use of data collected with the TESS mission, obtained from the MAST data archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI). Funding for the TESS mission is provided by the NASA Explorer Program. STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. We would like to acknowledge the support provided by the administrators, designers, and developers of the ETD project and of the Czech Astronomical Society, both for the ExoClock project as well as for the efforts of the whole amateur community through its 10+ yr of operation. This work has made use of observations made by the MicroObservatory, which is maintained and operated as an educational service by the Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, as a project of NASA's Universe of Learning, supported by NASA Award No. NNX16AC65A. This work has made use of observations made by the LCOGT network, as part of the LCOGT Global Sky Partners project "ORBYTS: Refining Exoplanet Ephemerides" (PI: B. Edwards). ASTEP has benefited from the support of the French and Italian polar agencies IPEV and PNRA, and from INSU, the European Space Agency (ESA), through the Science Faculty of the European Space Research and Technology Center (ESTEC), the University of Birmingham, the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 803193/BEBOP), the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC; grant No. ST/S00193X/1), the Laboratoire Lagrange (CNRS UMR 7293), and the Université Côte d'Azur, through Idex UCAJEDI (ANR-15-IDEX-01). Members from the Silesian University of Technology were responsible for (1) the planning of observations; (2) the automation of the work in observatories; and (3) the processing of the data from the SUTO network. P.J.W. acknowledges support from grants BKM-574/RAu-11/2022 and 32/014/SDU/10-22-20. Other authors from the Silesian University of Technology acknowledge grant BK-246/RAu-11/2022. A.A.B. is supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation under the grant 075-15-2020-780 (N13.1902.21.0039). M. Cataneo, E.R., and M. Cilluffo thank the City Council and Management of Cernusco sul Naviglio for supporting the activity of the Associazione Cernuschese Astrofili and for the construction of the public observatory "G. Barletta." B.E. is a Laureate of the Paris Region fellowship program, supported by the Ile-de-France Region. This project has received funding under the Horizon 2020 framework program for research and innovation, under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 607 945298. P. Gajdoš is supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency, under contract No. APVV-20-0148 and internal grant VVGS-PF-2021-2087 of the Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice. C.A.H. and U. Kolb are supported by STFC, under grant ST/T000295/1. M. Mašek is supported by MEYS (Czech Republic), under the project MEYS LTT17006. L.V.M. is funded by ASI grant No. 2021-5-HH.0. Software: Django, PyLightcurve (Tsiaras et al. 2016), ExoTETHyS (Morello et al. 2020), Astropy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2013), emcee (Foreman-Mackey et al. 2013), Matplotlib (Hunter 2007), Numpy (Harris et al. 2020), SciPy (Virtanen et al. 2020).

Attached Files

Published - Kokori_2023_ApJS_265_4.pdf

Files

Kokori_2023_ApJS_265_4.pdf

Files (1.9 MB)

Name Size
md5:c235876ab2f9d5b165d9edd3dc639d48
1.9 MB Preview Download

Additional details

Identifiers

Eprint ID
121694
Resolver ID
CaltechAUTHORS:20230602-251849000.40

Funding

Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
ST/W00254X/1
Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
ST/W006960/1
NASA
5-26555
NASA
NNX16AC65A
Programma Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide (PNRA)
Polar Institute Paul-Émile Victor (IPEV)
Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU)
European Space Agency (ESA)
European Space Research and Technology Center
University of Birmingham
European Research Council (ERC)
803193
Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
ST/S00193X/1
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
CNRS UMR 7293
Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR)
ANR-15-IDEX-01
Silesian University of Technology
BKM-574/RAu-11/2022
Silesian University of Technology
32/014/SDU/10-22-20
Silesian University of Technology
BK-246/RAu-11/2022
Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation
075-15-2020-780
Cernusco sul Naviglio
Île-de-France Region
Marie Curie Fellowship
945298
Slovak Research and Development Agency
APVV-20-0148
P. J. Šafárik University
VVGS-PF-2021-2087
Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
ST/T000295/1
Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic)
MEYS LTT17006
Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI)
2021-5-HH.0

Dates

Created
2023-06-05
Created from EPrint's datestamp field
Updated
2023-06-05
Created from EPrint's last_modified field