CaltechAUTHORS
Published December 2021 | Version Accepted Version + Published
Journal Article Open

TOI-1431b/MASCARA-5b: A Highly Irradiated Ultrahot Jupiter Orbiting One of the Hottest and Brightest Known Exoplanet Host Stars

Creators

  • 1. ROR icon University of Southern Queensland
  • 2. ROR icon Aarhus University
  • 3. ROR icon Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • 4. ROR icon Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris
  • 5. ROR icon Sorbonne University
  • 6. ROR icon Leiden University
  • 7. ROR icon Technical University of Denmark
  • 8. ROR icon Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble
  • 9. ROR icon French National Centre for Scientific Research
  • 10. ROR icon University of Porto
  • 11. ROR icon Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
  • 12. ROR icon University of La Laguna
  • 13. ROR icon European Space Research and Technology Centre
  • 14. ROR icon University of Tokyo
  • 15. ROR icon Japan Science and Technology Agency
  • 16. ROR icon Astrobiology Center
  • 17. ROR icon The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI
  • 18. ROR icon National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
  • 19. ROR icon Catholic University of the Most Holy Conception
  • 20. ROR icon Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network
  • 21. ROR icon University of California, Santa Barbara
  • 22. ROR icon Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica
  • 23. ROR icon University of Montreal
  • 24. ROR icon Yale University
  • 25. ROR icon NASA Exoplanet Science Institute
  • 26. ROR icon Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
  • 27. ROR icon Swarthmore College
  • 28. ROR icon University of Louisville
  • 29. ROR icon Ankara University
  • 30. ROR icon Howard Community College
  • 31. ROR icon University of Maryland, College Park
  • 32. ROR icon University of Chicago
  • 33. ROR icon Ames Research Center
  • 34. ROR icon Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence
  • 35. ROR icon Indiana University Bloomington
  • 36. ROR icon Vanderbilt University
  • 37. ROR icon Fisk University
  • 38. ROR icon Princeton University
  • 39. ROR icon Goddard Space Flight Center
  • 40. ROR icon Space Telescope Science Institute

Abstract

We present the discovery of a highly irradiated and moderately inflated ultrahot Jupiter, TOI-1431b/MASCARA-5 b (HD 201033b), first detected by NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite mission (TESS) and the Multi-site All-Sky Camera (MASCARA). The signal was established to be of planetary origin through radial velocity measurements obtained using SONG, SOPHIE, FIES, NRES, and EXPRES, which show a reflex motion of K = 294.1 ± 1.1 m s⁻¹. A joint analysis of the TESS and ground-based photometry and radial velocity measurements reveals that TOI-1431b has a mass of M_p = 3.12 ± 0.18 M_J (990 ± 60 M_⊕), an inflated radius of R_p = 1.49 ± 0.05 R_J (16.7 ± 0.6 R_⊕), and an orbital period of P = 2.650237 ± 0.000003 days. Analysis of the spectral energy distribution of the host star reveals that the planet orbits a bright (V = 8.049 mag) and young (0.29_(-0.19)^(+0.32) Gyr) Am type star with T_(eff) = 7690_(-250)^(+400) K, resulting in a highly irradiated planet with an incident flux of 〈F〉= 7.24_(-0.64)^(+0.68) x 10⁹ erg s⁻¹ cm⁻² (5300_(-470)^(+500) S_⊕) and an equilibrium temperature of T_(eq) = 2370 ± 70 K. TESS photometry also reveals a secondary eclipse with a depth of 127_(-5)^(+4) ppm as well as the full phase curve of the planet's thermal emission in the red-optical. This has allowed us to measure the dayside and nightside temperature of its atmosphere as T_(day) = 3004 ± 64 K and T_(night) = 2583 ± 63 K, the second hottest measured nightside temperature. The planet's low day/night temperature contrast (∼420 K) suggests very efficient heat transport between the dayside and nightside hemispheres. Given the host star brightness and estimated secondary eclipse depth of ∼1000 ppm in the K band, the secondary eclipse is potentially detectable at near-IR wavelengths with ground-based facilities, and the planet is ideal for intensive atmospheric characterization through transmission and emission spectroscopy from space missions such as the James Webb Space Telescope and the Atmospheric Remote-sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey.

Additional Information

© 2021. The American Astronomical Society. Received 2021 April 11; revised 2021 August 11; accepted 2021 August 26; published 2021 December 6. Based on observations made with the Hertzsprung SONG telescope operated on the Spanish Observatorio del Teide on the island of Tenerife by the Aarhus and Copenhagen Universities and by the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias. Funding for the Stellar Astrophysics Centre is provided by The Danish National Research Foundation (grant agreement no.: DNRF106). Based on observations made with the Nordic Optical Telescope, operated by the Nordic Optical Telescope Scientific Association at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos, La Palma, Spain, of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias under programs 59-210, 59-503, and 61-804. Based on observations collected with the SOPHIE spectrograph on the 1.93 m telescope at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence (CNRS), France. This article is based on observations made with the MuSCAT2 instrument, developed by ABC, at Telescopio Carlos Sánchez operated on the island of Tenerife by the IAC in the Spanish Observatorio del Teide. This work makes use of observations from the LCOGT network. LCOGT telescope time was granted by NOIRLab through the Mid-Scale Innovations Program (MSIP). MSIP is funded by NSF. B.A. is supported by Australian Research Council Discovery Grant DP180100972. The SONG telescope network is partially supported by the Australian Research Council Linkage, Infrastructure, Equipment and Facilities grant LE190100036. V.A. was supported by a research grant (00028173) from VILLUM FONDEN. I.W. is supported by a Heising–Simons 51 Pegasi b postdoctoral fellowship. Funding for the TESS mission is provided by NASA's Science Mission directorate. We acknowledge the use of public TESS Alert data from pipelines at the TESS Science Office and at the TESS Science Processing Operations Center. This research has made use of the Exoplanet Follow-up Observation Program website, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center for the production of the SPOC data products. This paper includes data collected by the TESS mission, which are publicly available from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). T.D. acknowledges support from MIT's Kavli Institute as a Kavli postdoctoral fellow. M.Y. and H.V.S. acknowledge the support by the research fund of Ankara University (BAP) through the project 18A0759001. This work was supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) and Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) via COMPETE2020 through the research grants UIDB/04434/2020, UIDP/04434/2020, PTDC/FIS-AST/32113/2017 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032113, PTDC/FIS-AST/28953/2017 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028953. O.D.S.D. is supported in the form of work contract (DL 57/2016/CP1364/CT0004) funded by FCT. This work was supported by FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia through national funds and by FEDER through COMPETE2020—Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização by these grants: UID/FIS/04434/2019; UIDB/04434/2020; UIDP/04434/2020; PTDC/FIS-AST/32113/2017 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032113; PTDC/FIS-AST/28953/2017 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028953; PTDC/FIS-AST/28987/2017 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028987. S.H. acknowledges CNES funding through the grant 837319. G.H. and I.B. received funding from the French Programme National de Planétologie (PNP) of CNRS (INSU). This work is partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Nos. JP18H01265 and JP18H05439, and JST PRESTO grant No. JPMJPR1775, and a University Research Support Grant from the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ). M.N.G. acknowledges support from MIT's Kavli Institute as a Juan Carlos Torres Fellow. T.D.K. acknowledges support from the 51 Pegasi b Fellowship in Planetary Astronomy sponsored by the Heising–Simons Foundation. D.R.L. is supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Universities Space Research Association under contract with NASA. Facilities: TESS - , SONG - , SOPHIE - , NRES ELP - , NRES TLV - , FIES - , EXPRES - , LCOGT - , MuSCAT2 - , MASCARA - . Software: AstroImageJ (Collins et al. 2017), TAPIR (Jensen 2013), Allesfitter (Günther & Daylan 2019, 2021), EXOFASTv2 (Eastman et al. 2013, 2019; Eastman 2017), Astropy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2018), Matplotlib (Hunter 2007), Wotan (Hippke et al. 2019).

Attached Files

Published - Addison_2021_AJ_162_292.pdf

Accepted Version - 2104.12078.pdf

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Additional details

Additional titles

Alternative title
TOI-1431b/MASCARA-5b: A Highly Irradiated Ultra-Hot Jupiter Orbiting One of the Hottest & Brightest Known Exoplanet Host Stars

Identifiers

Eprint ID
112251
Resolver ID
CaltechAUTHORS:20211207-393289000

Related works

Describes
https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.12078 (URL)

Funding

Danish National Research Foundation
DNRF106
Australian Research Council
DP180100972
Australian Research Council
LE190100036
VILLUM FONDEN
00028173
Heising-Simons Foundation
51 Pegasi b Fellowship
NASA/JPL/Caltech
MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research
Ankara University
18A0759001
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)
UIDB/04434/2020
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)
UIDP/04434/2020
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)
PTDC/FIS-AST/32113/2017
Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER)
POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032113
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)
PTDC/FIS-AST/28953/2017
Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER)
POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028953
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)
DL 57/2016/CP1364/CT0004
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)
UID/FIS/04434/2019
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)
PTDC/FIS-AST/28987/2017
Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER)
POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028987
Centre National d'Études Spatiales (CNES)
837319
Programme National de Planetologie (PNP)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
JP18H01265
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
JP18H05439
Japan Science and Technology Agency
JPMJPR1775
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
NASA Postdoctoral Program

Dates

Created
2021-12-07
Created from EPrint's datestamp field
Updated
2021-12-07
Created from EPrint's last_modified field

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Caltech groups
Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC)