CaltechAUTHORS
Published May 2022 | Version Published + Supplemental Material
Journal Article Open

Survival of newly formed particles in haze conditions

Creators

  • 1. ROR icon Paul Scherrer Institute
  • 2. ROR icon University of Helsinki
  • 3. ROR icon Carnegie Mellon University
  • 4. ROR icon California Institute of Technology
  • 5. ROR icon European Organization for Nuclear Research
  • 6. ROR icon Goethe University Frankfurt
  • 7. ROR icon Universität Innsbruck
  • 8. ROR icon École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
  • 9. ROR icon University of Lisbon
  • 10. ROR icon Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
  • 11. ROR icon University of Colorado Boulder
  • 12. ROR icon University of Vienna
  • 13. ROR icon Finnish Meteorological Institute
  • 14. ROR icon P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
  • 15. ROR icon University of Beira Interior
  • 16. ROR icon Aerodyne Research

Abstract

Intense new particle formation events are regularly observed under highly polluted conditions, despite the high loss rates of nucleated clusters. Higher than expected cluster survival probability implies either ineffective scavenging by pre-existing particles or missing growth mechanisms. Here we present experiments performed in the CLOUD chamber at CERN showing particle formation from a mixture of anthropogenic vapours, under condensation sinks typical of haze conditions, up to 0.1 s⁻¹. We find that new particle formation rates substantially decrease at higher concentrations of pre-existing particles, demonstrating experimentally for the first time that molecular clusters are efficiently scavenged by larger sized particles. Additionally, we demonstrate that in the presence of supersaturated gas-phase nitric acid (HNO₃) and ammonia (NH₃), freshly nucleated particles can grow extremely rapidly, maintaining a high particle number concentration, even in the presence of a high condensation sink. Such high growth rates may explain the high survival probability of freshly formed particles under haze conditions. We identify under what typical urban conditions HNO₃ and NH₃ can be expected to contribute to particle survival during haze.

Additional Information

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by the Royal Society of Chemistry. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence. Received 23rd January 2022. Accepted 24th March 2022. We thank the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) for supporting CLOUD with technical and financial resources and for providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. This research has received funding from the European Community (EC) Seventh Framework Programme and the European Union (EU) H2020 programme (Marie Skłodowska Curie ITN CLOUD-TRAIN grant number 316662 and CLOUD-MOTION grant number 764991); European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 895875 ("NPF-PANDA"); the Swiss National Science Foundation (no. 200021_169090, 200020_172602, 20FI20_172622); the US National Science Foundation (NSF; grant numbers AGS1602086, AGS1801329 and AGS-1801280); NASA graduate fellowship (NASA-NNX16AP36H); Project CLOUD-16 (project number 01LK1601C) funded by the German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF); ERC Advanced 'ATM-GP' grant no. 227463; The Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (project no. CERN/FIS-COM/0028/2019); ERC Consolidator grant NANODYNAMITE, 616075; the Austrian Science Fund (FWF; project no. P27295-N20); the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Program "Physics of Fundamental Interactions" 2017–2020; Ministry of Science and High education of the Russian Federation; VM acknowledges the Grant No. PCF IRN BR10965191. Author contributions. Conceptualization: R. M., M. X., M. W., J. Dommen, J. K., N. M. D., H. L., U. B. and I. E. H. Resources, prepared the CLOUD facility or measuring instruments: R. M., B. R., M. W., W. K., X.-C. H., D. S., J. P., G. M., D. S. W., W. S., A. B., C. P. L., R. B., L. C., B. C., J. C., L. D., J. Duplissy, H. F., L. G. C., M. G., A. H., M. H., V. H., D. K., A. K., M. K., K. L., V. M., H. E. M., B. M., O. M., T. P., M. P., J. S., M. S., Y. S., A. T., R. V., A. W., Y. Wang, S. K. W., P. M. W., Y. Wu, M. Z.-W., R. C. F., J. K., H. L., and I. E. H. Investigation: R. M., M. X., B. R., M. W., W. K., X.-C. H., D. S., J. P., G. M., D. S. W., W. S., A. B., C. P. L., A. A., R. B., D. B., B. B., L. C., L. D., J. Duplissy, H. F., L. G. C., M. G., M. H., V. H., D. K., M. L., V. M., B. M., J. S., M. S., A. T., A. W., S. K. W., Y. Wu, M. Z.-W., J. K., H. L., and I. E. H. Formal analysis: R. M., B. R., M. W., W. K., X. H., D. S., J. P., G. M., D. S. W., W. S., C. P. L., L. C., L. D., M. S., S. K. W., P. M. W., R. C. F., N. M. D., H. L., and I. E. H. Scientific discussion: R. M., M. X., B. R., M. W., W. K., X.-C. H., D. S., W. S., C. P. L., D. B., J. C., L. D., H. F., K. L., J. Dommen, R. C. F., J. K., N. M. D., H. L., U. B., and I. E. H. Writing: R. M., B. R., M. W., W. K., X.-C. H., D. S., J. P., D. S. W., J. Dommen, J. K., N. M. D., H. L., U. B., and I. E. H. There are no conflicts to declare.

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Additional details

Identifiers

PMCID
PMC9119030
Eprint ID
115140
Resolver ID
CaltechAUTHORS:20220614-221991000

Related works

Describes
10.1039/D2EA00007E (DOI)

Funding

CERN
Marie Curie Fellowship
316662
Marie Curie Fellowship
764991
Marie Curie Fellowship
895875
Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)
200021_169090
Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)
200020_172602
Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)
20FI20_172622
NSF
AGS-1602086
NSF
AGS-1801329
NSF
AGS-1801280
NASA Graduate Fellowship
NNX16AP36H
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)
01LK1601C
European Research Council (ERC)
227463
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)
CERN/FIS-COM/0028/2019
European Research Council (ERC)
616075
FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds
P27295-N20
Russian Academy of Sciences
2017-2020
Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation
Ministry of Education and Science (Kazakhstan)
PCF IRN BR10965191

Dates

Created
2022-06-15
Created from EPrint's datestamp field
Updated
2022-06-15
Created from EPrint's last_modified field