Accessing Selective Crystallization of ROY Polymorphs Using Directional Crystallization from the Melt
Creators
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1.
Université Libre de Bruxelles
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2.
University of Warwick
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3.
Changzhou University
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4.
California Institute of Technology
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5.
University of Rouen
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6.
Graz University of Technology
Abstract
A substance can crystallize in more than one crystal form. This phenomenon, known as polymorphism, occurs particularly often for organic compounds because of the comparable lattice energies of the different molecular conformations or packing arrangements. The reproducible obtaining of some specific polymorphs remains an open scientific question because polymorphism is dramatically sensitive to experimental conditions. 5-Methyl-2-[(2-nitrophenyl) amino]-3-thiophenecarbonitrile (ROY) is an ideal molecular system to study polymorphism since it crystallizes into at least 13 different forms. Directional crystallization under defined dissipative thermodynamic conditions was applied to control the selective growth of ROY polymorphs. It is demonstrated that one of the thirteen polymorphs (OP) can reproducibly be obtained. The reasons for this selectivity are discussed in the frame of nonequilibrium thermodynamics.
Copyright and License
© 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.
Acknowledgement
The authors thank the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS) for financial support through research projects Phasetrans No T.0058.14, 2D to 3D no. 30489208 and CHISUB no. 40007495. Financial support from ULB and the French Community of Belgium through the concerted research action ARC SADI, n° 20061, is also gratefully acknowledged. G.L. thanks postdoctoral fellowship support from the FNRS for the POLYMOL project no. 1.B.253.20F and Jiangsu Specially Appointed Professor Foundation. G.S. thanks the FNRS for financial support through research project COHERENCE2 N° F.4536.23. G.S. is a FNRS Research Associate. G.S. acknowledges financial support from the Francqui Foundation (Francqui Start-Up Grant). The authors acknowledge Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste for providing access to its synchrotron radiation facilities.
Contributions
Y.G. initiated and supervised the study. J.L., S.K., G.L., and L.S.d.M performed the experiments. R.R. supervised the synchrotron measurements. G.G. and G.S. calculated the crystal morphologies and α-factors. The manuscript was written by J.L. and Y.G. and subsequently commented by G.G., G.S., and R.R.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no competing financial interest.
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Additional details
Identifiers
- ISSN
- 1528-7505
Funding
- Fund for Scientific Research
- T.0058.14
- Fund for Scientific Research
- 30489208
- Fund for Scientific Research
- 40007495
- French Community of Belgium
- 20061
- Fund for Scientific Research
- 1.B.253.20F
- Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education
- Fund for Scientific Research
- F.4536.23
- Fondation Francqui - Stichting